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Original Article

Markers of Immune Stimulation in the Cerebrospinal Fluid During HIV Infection: A longitudinal study

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Pages 523-533 | Received 16 Feb 1994, Accepted 20 Apr 1994, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (6)

Sonja G Schütz & Jessica Robinson-Papp. (2013) HIV-related neuropathy: current perspectives. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care 5, pages 243-251.
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Magnus Gisslén, Pam Fredman, Dietmar Fuchs, Annika Lekman & Lars Rosengren. (2005) Temporarily controlled HIV-1 replication after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 37:11-12, pages 877-881.
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Lars Hagberg, Magnus Gisslen, Gunnar Norkrans & Bo Svennerholm. (1999) Kinetics of HIV-1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum After Zidovudine Treatment. Journal of Neuro-AIDS 2:2, pages 29-35.
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Magnus Gisslén, Lars Hagberg, Gunnar Norkrans, Annika Lekman & Pam Fredman. (1997) Increased cerebrospinal fluid ganglioside GM1 concentrations indicating neuronal involvement in all stages of HIV-1 infection. Journal of Neurovirology 3:2, pages 148-152.
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Göran Günther, Mats Haglund, Lars Lindquist, Birgit Sköldenberg & Marianne Forsgren. (1996) Intrathecal Production of Neopterin and β2 Microglobulin in Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) Compared to Meningoencephalitis of other Etiology. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 28:2, pages 131-138.
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Lars Hagberg, Gunnar Norkrans, Magnus Gisslén, Helmut Wachter, Dietmar Fuchs & Bo Svennerholm. (1996) Intrathecal Immunoactivation in Patients with HIV-1 Infection is Reduced by Zidovudine but not by Didanosine. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 28:4, pages 329-333.
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Articles from other publishers (34)

Lars Hagberg & Magnus Gisslén. (2023) Cohort profile: a longitudinal study of HIV infection in the central nervous system with focus on cerebrospinal fluid – the Gothenburg HIV CSF Study Cohort. BMJ Open 13:5, pages e070693.
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Birgitta Anesten, Henrik Zetterberg, Staffan Nilsson, Bruce J. Brew, Dietmar Fuchs, Richard W. Price, Magnus Gisslén & Aylin Yilmaz. (2021) Effect of antiretroviral treatment on blood-brain barrier integrity in HIV-1 infection. BMC Neurology 21:1.
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Nora Möhn, Yi Luo, Thomas Skripuletz, Philipp Schwenkenbecher, Anne Ladwig, Clemens Warnke, Sven G. Meuth, Heinz Wiendl, Catharina C. Gross, Christoph Schröder, Aiden Haghikia & Martin Stangel. (2020) Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 108 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 17:1.
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Kevin Chang, Thomas A. Premeaux, Yann Cobigo, Benedetta Milanini, Joanna Hellmuth, Leah H. Rubin, Shireen Javandel, Isabel Allen, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Robert Paul & Victor Valcour. (2020) Plasma inflammatory biomarkers link to diffusion tensor imaging metrics in virally suppressed HIV-infected individuals. AIDS 34:2, pages 203-213.
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Linn Hermansson, Aylin Yilmaz, Richard W. Price, Staffan Nilsson, Scott McCallister, Tariro Makadzange, Moupali Das, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow & Magnus Gisslen. (2019) Plasma concentration of neurofilament light chain protein decreases after switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate. PLOS ONE 14:12, pages e0226276.
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Michelle Kaku & David M. Simpson. 2018. The Neurology of HIV Infection. The Neurology of HIV Infection 201 212 .
Brady Sillman, Christopher Woldstad, Joellyn Mcmillan & Howard E. Gendelman. 2018. The Neurology of HIV Infection. The Neurology of HIV Infection 21 40 .
Birgitta AnestenAylin YilmazLars HagbergHenrik ZetterbergStaffan NilssonBruce J. BrewDietmar FuchsRichard W. PriceMagnus Gisslén. (2016) Blood–brain barrier integrity, intrathecal immunoactivation, and neuronal injury in HIV. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 3:6.
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Sérgio M. de Almeida, Indianara Rotta, Clea E. Ribeiro, Davey Smith, Ruiyi Wang, Jennifer Judicello, Michael Potter, Florin Vaida, Scott Letendre & Ronald J. Ellis. (2016) Blood-CSF barrier and compartmentalization of CNS cellular immune response in HIV infection. Journal of Neuroimmunology 301, pages 41-48.
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Sergio M. de Almeida, Indianara Rotta, Yanxin Jiang, Xiao Li, Sonia M. Raboni, Clea E. Ribeiro, Davey Smith, Michael Potter, Florin Vaida, Scott Letendre & Ronald J. Ellis. (2016) Biomarkers of chemotaxis and inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in individuals with HIV-1 subtype C versus B. Journal of NeuroVirology 22:6, pages 715-724.
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Joome Suh, Elizabeth Sinclair, Julia Peterson, Evelyn Lee, Tassos C Kyriakides, Fang-yong Li, Lars Hagberg, Dietmar Fuchs, Richard W Price, Magnus Gisslen & Serena Spudich. (2014) Progressive increase in central nervous system immune activation in untreated primary HIV-1 infection. Journal of Neuroinflammation 11:1.
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Michelle Kaku & David M. Simpson. (2014) HIV neuropathy. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 9:6, pages 521-526.
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Tricia H. Burdo, Allison Weiffenbach, Steven P. Woods, Scott Letendre, Ronald J. Ellis & Kenneth C. Williams. (2013) Elevated sCD163 in plasma but not cerebrospinal fluid is a marker of neurocognitive impairment in HIV infection. AIDS 27:9, pages 1387-1395.
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Diego M Cecchini, Ana M Cañizal, Haroldo Rojas, Alicia Arechavala, Ricardo Negroni, María B Bouzas & Jorge A Benetucci. (2009) Variables that influence HIV-1 cerebrospinal fluid viral load in cryptococcal meningitis: a linear regression analysis. Journal of the International AIDS Society 12:1, pages 33-33.
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Arvid Edén, Richard W. Price, Serena Spudich, Dietmar Fuchs, Lars Hagberg & Magnus Gisslén. (2007) Immune Activation of the Central Nervous System Is Still Present after >4 Years of Effective Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 196:12, pages 1779-1783.
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E.-C. Caragounis, M. Gisslén, M. Lindh, C. Nordborg, S. Westergren, L. Hagberg & B. Svennerholm. (2007) Comparison of HIV-1 pol and env sequences of blood, CSF, brain and spleen isolates collected ante-mortem and post-mortem. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 0:0, pages 070907072758005-???.
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Aylin Yilmaz, Dietmar Fuchs, Lars Hagberg, Ulrika Nillroth, Lars Ståhle, Jan-Olof Svensson & Magnus Gisslén. (2006) Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA, intrathecal immunoactivation, and drug concentrations after treatment with a combination of saquinavir, nelfinavir, and two nucleoside analogues: the M61022 study. BMC Infectious Diseases 6:1.
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S Abdulle, L Hagberg & M Gisslen. (2005) Effects of antiretroviral treatment on blood-brain barrier integrity and intrathecal immunoglobulin production in neuroasymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Medicine 6:3, pages 164-169.
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Sahra Abdulle, Lars Hagberg, Bo Svennerholm, Dietmar Fuchs & Magnus Gisslén. (2002) Continuing intrathecal immunoactivation despite two years of effective antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1 infection. AIDS 16:16, pages 2145-2149.
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Katsunori Yoshida, Takanori Kitauchi, Shouki Kimura, Tatsuo Yoneda, Hirotsugu Uemura, Seiichirou Ozono & Yoshihiko Hirao. (2002) Serum Neopterin Monitoring and Vitamin E-Modified, Regenerated Hemodialyzer Membrane Influence on Biocompatibility. Artificial Organs 26:1, pages 54-57.
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R. H. Enting, J. M. Prins, S. Jurriaans, K. Brinkman, P. Portegies & J. M. A. Lange. (2001) Concentrations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid after Antiretroviral Treatment Initiated during Primary HIV-1 Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 32:7, pages 1095-1099.
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M Gisslén & L Hagberg. (2001) Antiretroviral treatment of central nervous system HIV‐1 infection: a review. HIV Medicine 2:2, pages 97-104.
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Elisabeth H. Gisolf, Rieneke M. E. van Praag, Suzanne Jurriaans, Peter Portegies, Jaap Goudsmit, Sven A. Danner, Joep M. A. Lange & Jan M. Prins. (2000) Increasing Cerebrospinal Fluid Chemokine Concentrations Despite Undetectable Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV RNA in HIV-1–Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 25:5, pages 426-433.
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Elisabeth H. Gisolf, Rieneke M. E. van Praag, Suzanne Jurriaans, Peter Portegies, Jaap Goudsmit, Sven A. Danner, Joep M. A. Lange & Jan M. Prins. (2000) Increasing Cerebrospinal Fluid Chemokine Concentrations Despite Undetectable Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV RNA in HIV-1???Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, pages 426-433.
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Roelien H Enting, Norbert A Foudraine, Joep M.A Lange, Suzanne Jurriaans, Tom van der Poll, Gerrit-Jan Weverling & Peter Portegies. (2000) Cerebrospinal fluid β2-microglobulin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and soluble tumour necrosis factor α receptors before and after treatment with lamivudine plus zidovudine or stavudine. Journal of Neuroimmunology 102:2, pages 216-221.
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Lars-Magnus Andersson, Kaj Blennow, Dietmar Fuchs, Bo Svennerholm & Magnus Gisslén. (1999) Increased cerebrospinal fluid protein tau concentration in neuro-AIDS. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 171:2, pages 92-96.
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Magnus Gisslén, Dietmar Fuchs, Bo Svennerholm & Lars Hagberg. (1999) Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load, Intrathecal Immunoactivation, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Monocytic Cell Count in HIV-1 Infection. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 21:4, pages 271.
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Magnus Gisslén, Annika Lekman & Pam Fredman. (1999) High levels in serum, but no signs of intrathecal synthesis of anti-sulfatide antibodies in HIV-1 infected individuals with or without central nervous system complications. Journal of Neuroimmunology 94:1-2, pages 153-156.
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L.O. Eckert, D.H. Watts, L.A. Koutsky, S.E. Hawes, C.E. Stevens, J. Kuypers & N.B. Kiviat. (1999) A matched prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus, human papillomavirus DNA, and cervical lesions detected by cytology and colposcopy. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7:3, pages 158-164.
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LARS-MAGNUS ANDERSSON, PAM FREDMAN, ANNIKA LEKMAN, LARS ROSENGREN & MAGNUS GISSLÉN. (1998) Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Ganglioside GD3 Concentrations as a Marker of Microglial Activation in HIV Type 1 Infection. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 14:12, pages 1065-1069.
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Magnus Gisslén, Lars Hagberg, Dietmar Fuchs, Gunnar Norkrans & Bo Svennerholm. (1998) Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load in HIV-1-Infected Patients Without Antiretroviral Treatment. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 17:4, pages 291-295.
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Michael M Millner, Wolfgang Franthal, Gabriela H Thalhammer, Andrea Berghold, Reingard M Aigner, Gerhard F Füger & Gilbert Reibnegger. (1998) Neopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum as an aid in differentiating central nervous system and peripheral infections in children. Clinical Chemistry 44:1, pages 161-167.
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Ronald J. Ellis, Karen Hsia, Stephen A. Spector, Julie A. Nelson, Robert K. Heaton, Mark R. Wallace, Ian Abramson, J. Hampton Atkinson, Igor Grant & J. Allen McCutchan. (2004) Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Annals of Neurology 42:5, pages 679-688.
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MAGNUS GISSLÉN, PAM FREDMAN, GUNNAR NORKRANS & LARS HAGBERG. (1996) Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Sulfatide Concentrations as a Sign of Increased Metabolic Turnover of Myelin in HIV Type I Infection. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 12:2, pages 149-155.
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