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Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 1, 1971 - Issue 3
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Research Article

Mechanisms of Azo Reduction by Streptococcus faecalis I. Optimization of Assay Conditions

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Pages 221-229 | Received 26 Jul 1971, Published online: 15 Sep 2008

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Sumit Punj & Gilbert H. John. (2008) Physiological characterization of Enterococcus faecalis during azoreductase activity. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 20:2, pages 65-73.
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MarkA. Brown & StephenC. De Vito. (1993) Predicting azo dye toxicity. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 23:3, pages 249-324.
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King-Thorn Chung, S. Edward Stevens & Carl E. Cerniglia. (1992) The Reduction of Azo Dyes by the Intestinal Microflora. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 18:3, pages 175-190.
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Kathryn E. McLane, Jed Fisher & K. Ramakrishnan. (1983) Reductive Drug Metabolism. Drug Metabolism Reviews 14:4, pages 741-799.
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R. Jonen-kern, H. G. Jonen, R. R. Schupp, K. Minck, G. F. Kahl & K. J. Netter. (1978) Reductive Drug Metabolism in Isolated Perfused Rat Liver under Restricted Oxygen Supply. Xenobiotica 8:5, pages 271-280.
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P. Dubin & K. L. Wright. (1975) Reduction of Azo Food Dyes in Cultures of Proteus vulgaris. Xenobiotica 5:9, pages 563-571.
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R. J. Allan & J. J. Roxon. (1974) Metabolism by Intestinal Bacteria : The Effect of Bile Salts on Tartrazine Azo Reduction. Xenobiotica 4:10, pages 637-643.
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Hasse Schröder & Anna K. Johansson. (1973) Redox Potential in Caecal Contents of the Rat and Azo Reduction of Salicyl-Azo-Sulphapyridine. Xenobiotica 3:4, pages 233-246.
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Ralph Gingell. (1973) Substrate Non-specificity of Streptococcus faecalis Azoreductase. Xenobiotica 3:3, pages 165-169.
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M. Mitchard. (1971) Bioreduction of Organic Nitrogen. Xenobiotica 1:4-5, pages 469-481.
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Articles from other publishers (29)

Yu Yamanashi & Tsukasa Ito. (2022) A Minority Population of Non-dye-decolorizing <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> enhances the Azo Dye-decolorizing Activity of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. Microbes and Environments 37:2, pages n/a.
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Valentina V. Yurchenko, Faina I. Ingel, Lyudmila V. Akhaltseva, Mariya A. Konyashkina, Nadezda A. Yurtseva, Tatyana A. Nikitina & Elena K. Krivtsova. (2021) Genotoxic safety of synthetic food colours. Review. Ecological genetics 19:4, pages 323-341.
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Zhengxiang He, Lili Chen, Jovani Catalan-Dibene, Gerold Bongers, Jeremiah J. Faith, Chalada Suebsuwong, Robert J. DeVita, Zeli Shen, James G. Fox, Juan J. Lafaille, Glaucia C. Furtado & Sergio A. Lira. (2021) Food colorants metabolized by commensal bacteria promote colitis in mice with dysregulated expression of interleukin-23. Cell Metabolism 33:7, pages 1358-1371.e5.
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Jessica M. Morrison, Cristee M. Wright & Gilbert H. John. (2012) Identification, Isolation and characterization of a novel azoreductase from Clostridium perfringens. Anaerobe 18:2, pages 229-234.
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B Maris, L Verheyden, C Samyn, P Augustijns, R Kinget & G Van den Mooter. (2002) Influence of the composition of in-vitro azo-reducing systems on the degradation kinetics of the model compound amaranth. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 54:2, pages 197-203.
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Frank P. Van der Zee & Francisco J. Cervantes. (2009) Impact and application of electron shuttles on the redox (bio)transformation of contaminants: A review. Biotechnology Advances 27:3, pages 256-277.
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Zhi-Jie Liu, Huizhong Chen, Neil Shaw, Sherryll L. Hopper, Lirong Chen, Siwei Chen, Carl E. Cerniglia & Bi-Cheng Wang. (2007) Crystal structure of an aerobic FMN-dependent azoreductase (AzoA) from Enterococcus faecalis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 463:1, pages 68-77.
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Huizhong Chen, Rong-Fu Wang & Carl E Cerniglia. (2004) Molecular cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of an aerobic FMN-dependent azoreductase from Enterococcus faecalis. Protein Expression and Purification 34:2, pages 302-310.
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Dong Wang, Karel Dušek, Pavla Kopečková, Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková & Jindřich Kopeček. (2002) Novel Aromatic Azo-Containing pH-Sensitive Hydrogels:  Synthesis and Characterization. Macromolecules 35:20, pages 7791-7803.
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M.A Gaja & J.S Knapp. (1998) Removal of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by activated sludge: a cautionary note. Water Research 32:12, pages 3786-3789.
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R Semdé, D Pierre, G Geuskens, M Devleeschouwer & A.J Moës. (1998) Study of some important factors involved in azo derivative reduction by Clostridium perfringens. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 161:1, pages 45-54.
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P. Kopeˆková, R. Rathi, S. Takada, B. Říhová, M.M. Berenson & J. Kopeˆek. 1994. Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, 6. Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, 6 211 222 .
P. Kopečková, R. Rathi, S. Takada, B. Říhová, M.M. Berenson & J. Kopeček. (1994) Bioadhesive N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers for colon-specific drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release 28:1-3, pages 211-222.
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Dilip K. Ghosh, Amalendu Mandal & Jayasri Chaudhuri. (1992) Purification and partial characterization of two azoreductases from Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 . FEMS Microbiology Letters 98:1-3, pages 229-234.
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King-Thom Chung & Carl E. Cerniglia. (1992) Mutagenicity of azo dyes: Structure-activity relationships. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology 277:3, pages 201-220.
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W HaugA SchmidtB NörtemannD C HempelA StolzH J Knackmuss. (1991) Mineralization of the sulfonated azo dye Mordant Yellow 3 by a 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate-degrading bacterial consortium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57:11, pages 3144-3149.
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F RafiiW FranklinC E Cerniglia. (1990) Azoreductase activity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human intestinal microflora. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56:7, pages 2146-2151.
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Chizuko Yatome, Toshihiko Ogawa, Kiyoharu Itoh, Akihisa Sugiyama & Eiichi Idaka. (2008) Degradation of azo dyes by cell‐free extract from Aeromonas hydrophila var. 24B . Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 103:11, pages 395-398.
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King-Thom Chung. (1983) The significance of azo-reduction in the mutagenesis and carcinogenesis of azo dyes. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology 114:3, pages 269-281.
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Michael J. Prival & Valerie D. Mitchell. (1982) Analysis of a method for testing azo dyes for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of flavin mononucleotide and hamster liver S9. Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 97:2, pages 103-116.
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R.D. Combes & R.B. Haveland-Smith. (1982) A review of the genotoxicity of food, drug and cosmetic colours and other azo, triphenylmethane and xanthene dyes. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology 98:2, pages 101-243.
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Erik J. Søderlund, Erik Dybing, Svein Nordenson & Egil Tjelta. (2009) The Role of Ethyl and Fluorine Substitution in the 4′‐Position for N,N‐Diethyl‐4‐aminoazobenzene Mutagenicity and Azo Reduction. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 47:3, pages 175-182.
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R.B. Haveland-Smith & R.D. Combes. (1980) Genotoxicity of the food colours red 2G and brown FK in bacterial systems; use of structurally-related dyes and azo-reduction. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 18:3, pages 223-228.
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K. Wuhrmann, Kl. Mechsner & Th. Kappeler. (1980) Investigation on rate ? Determining factors in the microbial reduction of azo dyes. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 9:4, pages 325-338.
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Christopher P. Hartman, George E. Fulk & A.W. Andrews. (1978) Azo reduction of trypan blue to a known carcinogen by a cell-free extract of a human intestinal anaerobe. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 58:2-3, pages 125-132.
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Joseph P. Brown, Gerald W. Roehm & Ronald J. Brown. (1978) Mutagenicity testing of certified food colors and related azo, xanthene and triphenylmethane dyes with the Salmonella/microsome system. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 56:3, pages 249-271.
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Roger G. Young. (1975) Flavin linked azoreductases of the madagascar cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa. Insect Biochemistry 5:5, pages 563-569.
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R. J. Allan & J. J. Roxon. (1974) Metabolism by Intestinal Bacteria: The Effect of Bile Salts on Tartrazine Azo Reduction. Xenobiotica 4:1, pages 637-643.
Crossref
H.A. Rose & R.G. Young. (1973) Nitroreductases in the Madagascar cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 3:3, pages 243-252.
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