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Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Volume 19, 1985 - Issue 2
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Original Article

An Anaesthetic Lidocaine/Prilocaine Cream (Emla) for Epicutaneous Application Tested for Cutting Split Skin Grafts

Lennart Ohlsén From the Department of Plastic Surgery (Head: L. Hakelius), Department of Anaesthesia (Head: M. H:son Holmdahl), University Hospital, Uppsala, and Section of Pain Control, Astra Läkemedel AB, Södertälje, Sweden
,
Sören Englesson From the Department of Plastic Surgery (Head: L. Hakelius), Department of Anaesthesia (Head: M. H:son Holmdahl), University Hospital, Uppsala, and Section of Pain Control, Astra Läkemedel AB, Södertälje, Sweden
&
Hans Evers From the Department of Plastic Surgery (Head: L. Hakelius), Department of Anaesthesia (Head: M. H:son Holmdahl), University Hospital, Uppsala, and Section of Pain Control, Astra Läkemedel AB, Södertälje, Sweden
Pages 201-209 | Received 17 Dec 1984, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Ak Gupta & Rg Sibbald. (1995) Application of a eutectic mixture of lidocaine/prilocaine cream to the moustache area prior to electrolysis provides effective analgesia. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 6:2, pages 89-94.
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A Anstey, Jd Wilkinson & P Thune. (1991) Correspondence. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2:1, pages 37-39.
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L. Ohlsén, H. Evers, K. Segerstrom, E. Hagelqvist & S. Graffman. (1987) Local Anaesthetics Modifying the Dermal Response of Irradiation: An experimental study. Acta Oncologica 26:6, pages 467-476.
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Articles from other publishers (57)

Hyun Jung Kwon, Jae Min Kim, Guk Jin Jeong, Sang Ju Lee, Hae Woong Lee, Kui Young Park & Seong Jun Seo. (2019) Topical Brimonidine as an Effective Adjuvant to Local Anesthetics for Post Treatment Erythema and Pain Reduction. Annals of Dermatology 31:3, pages 315.
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Wenxin Yu, Tianyou Wang, Jiafang Zhu, Yajing Qiu, Hui Chen, Yunbo Jin, Xi Yang, Xiaojie Hu, Lei Chang, Yijie Chen, Gang Ma & Xiaoxi Lin. (2017) EMLA cream does not influence efficacy and pain reduction during pulsed-dye laser treatment of port-wine stain: a prospective side-by-side comparison. Lasers in Medical Science 33:3, pages 573-579.
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Clare Josephine Tollan, William MacLaren & Iain R. Mackay. (2016) Topical anaesthetic effects on skin vasculature with potential implications for laser treatment. Lasers in Medical Science 31:4, pages 611-617.
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Yoo Seok KimSoon Ki KimKwibok ChoiIn-Chang ChoSeung Ki Min. (2016) The Effect of Intrarectal Lidocaine Gel Instillation before Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy. Urogenital Tract Infection 11:3, pages 97.
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Premraj Nagarwal, Anuraj Dubey, Durga Jethava, Ashish Jain, Gaurav Goyal & Varun Chhabra. (2015) USE OF TOPICAL ANAESTHESIA WITH EMLA CREAM FOR HARVESTING SPLIT SKIN GRAFT. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 4:87, pages 15191-15200.
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Shahi K S, Geeta Bhandari, Bhuvan Bhuvan, Prashant Prashant, Sanjeev Sanjeev, Rakesh Rakesh & Malvika Malvika. (2014) SPLIT SKIN GRAFT HARVESTING UNDER LOCAL AN ESTHESIA INFIL TRATION VERSUS TOPICAL LOCAL AN ESTHESIA. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3:17, pages 4615-4620.
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Jae-Hwang SongChan KangDeuk-Soo HwangJung-Mo Hwang. (2014) Ultrasound-guided Nerve Block for Skin Grafting on Large Diabetic Ulcer of Foot and Leg: A Technical Report. Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society 18:3, pages 133.
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Mitchel P. Goldman, Sabrina G. Fabi & Jennifer G. Wojtczak. 2013. Lasers and Energy Devices for the Skin. Lasers and Energy Devices for the Skin 349 363 .
G. N. Lundborg, A. C. G. Björkman, B. N. Rosén, J.‐Å. Nilsson & L. B. Dahlin. (2010) Cutaneous anaesthesia of the lower leg can improve sensibility in the diabetic foot. A double‐blind, randomized clinical trial. Diabetic Medicine 27:7, pages 823-829.
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Charles B. Berde & Gary R. Strichartz. 2010. Miller's Anesthesia. Miller's Anesthesia 914 940 .
Yeon Jae KimMi Hwa JungYoung Ryong ChoiHue Jung ParkRim Soo WonJin Young LeeJin Kyung Jung. (2008) The Analgesic Efficacy of a 5% Eutectic Mixture of Lidocaine and Prilocaine Prior to Insertion of Spinal and Epidural Block. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 54:4, pages 395.
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A. Tahir, J.B. Webb, G. Allen & J.D. Nancarrow. (2006) The effect of local anaesthetic cream (EMLA®) applied with an occlusive dressing on skin thickness. Does it matter?. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 59:4, pages 404-408.
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Paul M. Friedman, Erick A. Mafong, Adrienne S. Glaich & Roy G. Geronemus. 2006. Advanced Techniques in Dermatologic Surgery. Advanced Techniques in Dermatologic Surgery 1 17 .
Nina Pabby, Anju Pabby & Mitchel P. Goldman. 2006. Cutaneous and Cosmetic Laser Surgery. Cutaneous and Cosmetic Laser Surgery 311 324 .
Marco Raber, Vincenzo Scattoni, Marco Roscigno, Patrizio Rigatti & Francesco Montorsi. (2005) Perianal and intrarectal anaesthesia for transrectal biopsy of the prostate: a prospective randomized study comparing lidocaine-prilocaine cream and placebo. BJU International 96:9, pages 1264-1267.
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Ronald S. Erkert & Charles G. MacAllister. (2005) Use of a eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% as a local anesthetic in animals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226:12, pages 1990-1992.
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R. S. ERKERT, C. G. MACALLISTER, G. CAMPBELL, M. E. PAYTON, R. SHAWLEY & C. R. CLARKE. (2005) Comparison of topical lidocaine/prilocaine anesthetic cream and local infiltration of 2% lidocaine for episioplasty in mares. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 28:3, pages 299-304.
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Helen T Shin & Mary Wu Change. (2002) Drug eruptions in children. Current Problems in Dermatology 14:5, pages 153-182.
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PAUL M. FRIEDMAN, ERICK A. MAFONG, EDWARD S. FRIEDMAN & ROY G. GERONEMUS. (2001) Topical Anesthetics Update. Dermatologic Surgery 27:12, pages 1019-1026.
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Paul M. Friedman, Erick A. Mafong, Edward S. Friedman & Roy G. Geronemus. (2001) Topical Anesthetics Update: EMLA and Beyond. Dermatologic Surgery 27:12, pages 1019-1026.
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Helen T. Shin & Mary Wu Chang. (2001) Drug eruptions in children. Current Problems in Pediatrics 31:7, pages 207-234.
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Carl-Fredrik Wahlgren & Stefan LillieborgM.S.PharmM.S.Pharm. (2001) Split-Skin Grafting with Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream: A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety in Geriatric versus Nongeriatric Patients. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 107:3, pages 750-756.
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Paul M. Friedman, Joshua P. Fogelman, Keyvan Nouri, Vicki J. Levine & Robin Ashinoff. (1999) Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Four Topical Anesthetics. Dermatologic Surgery 25:12, pages 950-954.
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Tomaz̆F. Janez̆ic̆. (1998) Skin grafting of full thickness burns under local anaesthesia with EMLA® cream. Burns 24:3, pages 259-263.
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G. Robins & P.M. Farr. (1997) Pain relief with Emla of ulcerating lesions in mycosis fungoides. British Journal of Dermatology 136:2, pages 287-287.
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Donna Maxwell, J O'brien, G Sparkes & Dh Lalonde. (1996) Topical 2% lidocaine gel versus placebo in burn wound debridement pain. Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 4:2, pages 1-4.
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Janice Lander, Shemin Nazarali, Marilyn Hodgins, Erwin Friesen, Judy McTavish, Jeanie Ouellette & Ryan Abel. (1996) Evaluation of a New Topical Anesthetic Agent: A Pilot Study. Nursing Research 45:1, pages 50-53.
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Angela W. Miser, T.Suan Goh, Ann Marie Dose, Judith R. O'Fallon, Robert D. Niedringhaus, Donna L. Betcher, Patricia Simmons, Darlene J. MacKellar, Marilyn Arnold & Charles L. Loprinzi. (1994) Trial of a topically administered local anesthetic (EMLA cream) for pain relief during central venous port accesses in children with cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 9:4, pages 259-264.
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Richard F. WagnerJrJr, C. Ann Flores & Lydia F. Argo. (2013) A Double‐Blind Placebo Controlled Study of a 5% Lidocaine/Prilocaine Cream (EMLA) for Topical Anesthesia During Thermolysis. The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology 20:2, pages 148-150.
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Irmgard A. Goede & Donna L. Betcher. (1994) EMLA. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 11:1, pages 38-41.
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A. Nilsson, I. Boman, B. Wallin & A. Rotstein. (1994) The EMLA patch-a new type of local anaesthetic application for dermal analgesia in children. Anaesthesia 49:1, pages 70-72.
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K. Barclay, J. P. Calvert, S. J. Catling, N. D. Edwards & A. Rees. (1994) Analgesia after laparoscopic sterilization Effect of 2% lignocaine gel applied to Filshie clips. Anaesthesia 49:1, pages 68-70.
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Gregory P. Kushla, Joel L. Zatz, Otto H. Mills & Richard S. Berger. (1993) Noninvasive Assessment of Anesthetic Activity of Topical Lidocaine Formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 82:11, pages 1118-1122.
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G. Wagner. 1993. Schmerz beim Kind. Schmerz beim Kind 97 104 .
Christopher J. Arpey & William S. Lynch. (1992) Advances in local anesthesia. Clinics in Dermatology 10:3, pages 275-283.
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Flora B. De Waard‐van der Spek, Gerdien M. Van Den Berg & Arnold P. Oranje. (2008) EMLA Cream: An Improved Local Anesthetic. Review of Current Literature. Pediatric Dermatology 9:2, pages 126-131.
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E. Giaufré, M. Le Gal & F. Trinquet. (1992) Etude clinique de la crème anesthésique EMLA en anesthésie locorégionale pédiatrique. Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 11:3, pages 384-387.
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Mette Honnens De Lichtenberg, John Krogh, Bjarne Rye & Jerzy Miskowiak. (1992) Topical Anesthesia with Eutetic Mixture of Local Anesthetics Cream in Vasectomy: 2 Randomized Trials. Journal of Urology 147:1, pages 98-99.
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Mette Honnens De Lichtenberg, Jerzy Miskowiak, Peter Mogensen & Jens Thorup Andersen. (1992) Local Anesthesia for Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Study Comparing Eutetic Mixture of Local Anesthetics Cream and Lidocaine Infiltration. Journal of Urology 147:1, pages 96-97.
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O. T. Tan & T. J. Stafford. (2005) EMLA for laser treatment of portwine stains in children. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 12:5, pages 543-548.
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G. Richard Arthur & Benjamin G. Covino. (1991) Pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetics. Baillière's Clinical Anaesthesiology 5:3, pages 635-658.
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J. Kinsella & M.G. Booth. (1991) Pain relief in burns: James Laing Memorial Essay 1990. Burns 17:5, pages 391-395.
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David M. Powell, George T. Rodeheaver, Pamela A. Foresman, Christopher L. Hankins, Kenneth T. Bellian, Christopher A. Zimmer, Daniel G. Becker & Richard F. Edlich. (1991) Damage to tissue defenses by EMLA® cream. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 9:4, pages 205-209.
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JULIE I. HENFREYKEITH L. THODAYKENNETH W. HEAD. (2008) A Comparison of Three Local Anaesthetic Techniques for Skin Biopsy in Dogs. Veterinary Dermatology 2:1, pages 21-27.
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B. G. Covino. 1991. Anesthesiology and Pain Management. Anesthesiology and Pain Management 121 129 .
ROBIN ASHINOFF & ROY G. GERONEMUS. (2013) Effect of the Topical Anesthetic EMLA on the Efficacy of Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Port‐Wine Stains. The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology 16:11, pages 1008-1011.
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Flora B. de Waard-van der Spek, Arnold P. Oranje, Stefan Lillieborg, Wim C.J. Hop & Ernst Stolz. (1990) Treatment of molluscum contagiosum using a lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) for analgesia. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 23:4, pages 685-688.
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Peter J. Stow, Chris J. Glynn & Bruce Minor. (1989) EMLA cream in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. Efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile. Pain 39:3, pages 301-305.
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M. S. TIMMS, S. O'MALLEY & A. O. KEITH. (1988) Experience with a new topical anaesthetic in otology. Clinical Otolaryngology 13:6, pages 485-490.
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D. SHUTTLEWORTH, S. HILL, R. MARKS & D. M. CONNELLY. (1988) Relief of experimentally induced pruritus with a novel eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic agents. British Journal of Dermatology 119:4, pages 535-540.
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Hans Evers. (1988) Present research in local analgesics. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 26:5, pages 390-394.
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J. Small, R.G.H. Wallace, R. Millar, A.D. Woolfson & D.F. McCafferty. (1988) Pain-free cutting of split skin grafts by application of a percutaneous local anaesthetic cream. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 41:5, pages 539-543.
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T.E.E. Goodacre, R. Sanders, D.A. Watts & M. Stoker. (1988) Split skin grafting using topical local anaesthesia (EMLA): a comparison with infiltrated anaesthesia. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 41:5, pages 533-538.
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J. O. Str�mbeck, M. Uggla & S. Lillieborg. (1988) Percutaneous anaesthesia with a lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA�) for cutting split-skin grafts. European Journal of Plastic Surgery 11:2, pages 49-52.
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A Hallen, K Ljunghall & J Wallin. (1987) Topical anaesthesia with local anaesthetic (lidocaine and prilocaine, EMLA) cream for cautery of genital warts.. Sexually Transmitted Infections 63:5, pages 316-319.
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Constance C.M. Howie. (1987) Anaesthesia for grafting procedures. Baillière's Clinical Anaesthesiology 1:3, pages 619-633.
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