Citations (53)
Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.
Read on this site (5)
Gareth Richards, Sarah E. Medland & Alan A. Beaton. (2021) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handedness: A meta-analysis of the available literature. Laterality 26:4, pages 421-484.
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Piotr P. Kazimirski, Mikołaj Kaczmarski, Magdalena M. Zagalska-Neubauer, Katarzyna M. Żołnierowicz & Marcin Tobółka. (2019) Absence of sex differences in digit ratio in nestlings of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia, a monomorphic bird species. Bird Study 66:4, pages 503-509.
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Gareth Richards & Trevor Keith James. (2019) A comparison of self-measured and researcher-measured digit ratio (2D:4D). Annals of Human Biology 46:6, pages 527-530.
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Varvara Yu Bakholdina, Alla A. Movsesian & Marina A. Negasheva. (2018) Association between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and body fat distribution in Mordovian students. Annals of Human Biology 45:5, pages 414-418.
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Lee Ellis, Malvina N. Skorska & Anthony F. Bogaert. (2017) Handedness, sexual orientation, and somatic markers for prenatal androgens: Are southpaws really that gay?. Laterality 22:2, pages 157-180.
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Articles from other publishers (48)
Marina Butovskaya, Yulia Adam, Valery Batsevich, Todd K. Shackelford & Bernhard Fink. (2023) Direct and radiographic digit ratio (2D:4D) measurements of Tuvan children and adolescents from Southern Siberia: Sex differences and skeletal maturation. Early Human Development, pages 105835.
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Sanjay Kumar & Martin Voracek. (2022) Effects of caste, birth season, and family income on digit ratios. American Journal of Human Biology 35:5.
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Recep Evcen, Fatih Çölkesen, Duygu Akın Saygın, Filiz Sadi Aykan, Mehmet Kılınç, Ümmügülsüm Yılmaz Ergün, Fatma Arzu Akkuş, Tuğba Önalan, Eray Yıldız & Şevket Arslan. (2023) High digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with attack frequency and severity in hereditary angioedema patients. Early Human Development 177-178, pages 105724.
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Moses Banyeh, Samuel Kwasi Appiah, Abdul‐Malawi Abubakari, Musah Issah & Nafiu Amidu. (2023)
Sex‐moderated relationship between the
2D
:
4D
ratio and circulating hormones in an adult Ghanaian population
. Physiological Reports 11:2.
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Zulkhairi Azam, Zainal Abidin Zainuddin, Fatin Nadhirah Binti Zulkiflee, Nurul Diyana Binti Sanuddin, Norlaila Azura Binti Kosni & Fatin Aqilah Binti Razak. 2023. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Movement, Health and Exercise. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Movement, Health and Exercise
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222
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Masahiro Uchida, Teruaki Iwamoto, Kazumitsu Yamasaki, Fumiko Kariya & Shoko Konishi. (2023) The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and reproductive function of infertile male patients. Reproductive Medicine and Biology 22:1.
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Brian Finley, Adriaan Kalwij & Arie Kapteyn. (2022) Born to be wild: Second-to-fourth digit length ratio and risk preferences. Economics & Human Biology 47, pages 101178.
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Moses Banyeh, Kervin Edinam Zogli, Hisham Alhassan Osumanu, Lawrence Obeng, Tuah Kwabena Acheampong, Clement Binwatin Dagungong, Elizabeth Bayor & Nafiu Amidu. (2022)
Does sex interact with the
2D
:
4D
ratio or adult circulating hormones on the estimated glomerular filtration rate? A cross‐sectional study in Ghana
. Physiological Reports 10:22.
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F. O’Sullivan, S.M. Bollard, G.P. O’Sullivan, P. Coffey, S. Bracken & D.J. Murray. (2022) An Investigation of the Relationship Between the Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio and Sagittal Synostosis. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 33:6, pages 1705-1708.
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Zebulohn Jägetoft, Maria Unenge Hallerbäck, Maria Julin, Carl‐Gustaf Bornehag & Sverre Wikström. (2022)
Anthropometric measures do not explain the
2D
:
4D
ratio sexual dimorphism in 7‐year‐old children
. American Journal of Human Biology 34:9.
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David Ong. (2022) The college admissions contribution to the labor market beauty premium. Contemporary Economic Policy 40:3, pages 491-512.
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Moses Banyeh & Nafiu Amidu. (2022)
The association between the
2D
:
4D
ratio and offspring sex at birth: A cross‐sectional study in Ghana
. American Journal of Human Biology 34:7.
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Tobias Otterbring, Christian T. Elbæk & Chaoren Lu. (2022) Can Digit Ratio and Gender Identity Predict Preferences for Consumption Options With a Distinct Gender Image?. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
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Aleksandra Iljin, Bogusław Antoszewski, Tomasz Szewczyk & Aneta Sitek. (2022) The 2D:4D index is associated with the development of excess body weight in adults, but not with the rate of weight loss following bariatric surgery. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Linda H Lidborg, Catharine Penelope Cross & Lynda G Boothroyd. (2022) A meta-analysis of the association between male dimorphism and fitness outcomes in humans. eLife 11.
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Karolina Miłkowska, Ilona Nenko, Magdalena Klimek, Andrzej Galbarczyk & Grazyna Jasienska. (2020) Season of birth and biomarkers of early‐life environment. American Journal of Human Biology 33:6.
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Fatemeh Sadat Mirfazeli, Meng-Chuan Lai, Amirhossein Memari, Armin Rajab, Milad Shafizadeh, Sahar Zarei, Seyed Vahid Shariat, Maryam Haghighi Fashi, Ebrahim Barzegary & Abdol-Hossein Vahabie. (2021) Short-term and long-term mate preference in men and women in an Iranian population. Scientific Reports 11:1.
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Magdalena Kobus, Aneta Sitek, Iwona Rosset, Paulina Pruszkowska–Przybylska & Elżbieta Żądzińska. (2021) Association of prenatal sex steroid exposure estimated by the digit ratio (2D:4D) with birth weight, BMI and muscle strength in 6- to 13-year-old Polish children. PLOS ONE 16:10, pages e0258179.
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Magdalena Klimek, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Ilona Nenko & Grazyna Jasienska. (2020)
Biomarkers of fetal conditions: Finger ridge‐counts, facial fluctuating asymmetry, and digit ratio (
2D
:
4D
)—are they correlated in women?
. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 174:2, pages 224-231.
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Rebecca Eresheim, Savannah Schaufler & Sylvia Kirchengast. (2020) Association patterns between 2D:4D ratio and age at menarche: the impact of methodology. Anthropological Review 83:4, pages 377-386.
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Sanjay Kumar, Maharaj Singh & Martin Voracek. (2020) Effects of hand preference on digit lengths and digit ratios among children and adults. Early Human Development 151, pages 105204.
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Gareth Richards, Simon Baron-Cohen, Tommy van Steen & John Galvin. (2020) Assortative mating and digit ratio (2D:4D): A pre-registered empirical study and meta-analysis. Early Human Development 151, pages 105159.
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Annika Paukner. (2019)
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and its behavioral correlates in infant rhesus macaques
(Macaca mulatta)
. Developmental Psychobiology 62:7, pages 992-998.
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Sylvia Kirchengast, Elisabeth Dottolo, Elisa Praxmarer & Johannes Huber. (2019) Low digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with early natural menopause. American Journal of Human Biology 32:3.
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Michał Misiak, Marina Butovskaya, Anna Oleszkiewicz & Piotr Sorokowski. (2019) Digit ratio and hand grip strength are associated with male competition outcomes: A study among traditional populations of the Yali and Hadza. American Journal of Human Biology 32:2.
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Kejin zhang, Xing Yang, Mengfei zhang, Chunlan Wang, Pengpeng Fang, Mengying Xue, Jing Zhao, Xiaocai Gao, Ruliang Pan & Pingyuan Gong. (2019)
Revisiting the relationships of 2D:4D with androgen receptor (
AR
) gene and current testosterone levels: Replication study and meta‐analyses
. Journal of Neuroscience Research 98:2, pages 353-370.
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Blair T. Crewther & Christian J. Cook. (2019) The digit ratio (2D:4D) relationship with testosterone is moderated by physical training: Evidence of prenatal organizational influences on activational patterns of adult testosterone in physically-active women. Early Human Development 131, pages 51-55.
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Jannis Engel, Maria Veit, Christopher Sinke, Ivo Heitland, Jonas Kneer, Thomas Hillemacher, Uwe Hartmann & Tillmann Kruger. (2019) Same Same but Different: A Clinical Characterization of Men with Hypersexual Disorder in the Sex@Brain Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 8:2, pages 157.
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Yoko Nishimura, Kimihiko Moriya, Sumitaka Kobayashi, Atsuko Araki, Fumihiro Sata, Takahiko Mitsui, Sachiko Itoh, Chihiro Miyashita, Kazutoshi Cho, Masafumi Kon, Michiko Nakamura, Takeya Kitta, Sachiyo Murai, Reiko Kishi & Nobuo Shinohara. (2019) Association between ESR1 polymorphisms and second to fourth digit ratio in school-aged children in the Hokkaido Study. Steroids 141, pages 55-62.
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Javier I. Borráz-León, Markus J. Rantala & Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina. (2019) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and facial fluctuating asymmetry as predictors of the dark triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences 137, pages 50-55.
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Mahvash Shere, Tye E. Arbuckle, Patricia Monnier, William Fraser & Maria P. Velez. (2018) Time-to-pregnancy and offspring finger-length ratio (2D:4D). American Journal of Human Biology 30:6, pages e23176.
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Martyna Zurawiecka & Iwona Wronka. (2018) Association of primary dysmenorrhea with anthropometrical and socio-economic factors in Polish university students. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 44:7, pages 1259-1267.
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Nicole M Warrington, Enisa Shevroja, Gibran Hemani, Pirro G Hysi, Yunxuan Jiang, Adam Auton, Cindy G Boer, Massimo Mangino, Carol A Wang, John P Kemp, George McMahon, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Martha Hickey, Katerina Trajanoska, Dieter Wolke, M Arfan Ikram, Grant W Montgomery, Janine F Felix, Margaret J Wright, David A Mackey, Vincent W Jaddoe, Nicholas G Martin, Joyce Y Tung, George Davey Smith, Craig E Pennell, Tim D Spector, Joyce van Meurs, Fernando Rivadeneira, Sarah E Medland & David M Evans. (2018) Genome-wide association study identifies nine novel loci for 2D:4D finger ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of testosterone exposure in utero. Human Molecular Genetics 27:11, pages 2025-2038.
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Berenika Kuna & Andrzej Galbarczyk. (2018) Men with more masculine digit ratios are partnered with more attractive women. Personality and Individual Differences 124, pages 8-11.
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Gareth Richards, Magdalena Klimek, Grazyna Jasienska & Urszula M. Marcinkowska. (2018) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and circulating testosterone, oestradiol, and progesterone levels across the menstrual cycle. Early Human Development 117, pages 68-73.
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Milena Vásquez-Amézquita, Juan David Leongómez, Michael C. Seto, Fidel Mauricio Bonilla, Alexa Rodríguez-Padilla & Alicia Salvador. (2018) No relation between digit ratio (2D:4D) and visual attention patterns to sexually preferred and non-preferred stimuli. Personality and Individual Differences 120, pages 151-158.
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Zhao Gao, Qi Yang, Xiaole Ma, Benjamin Becker, Keshuang Li, Feng Zhou & Keith M. Kendrick. (2017) Men Who Compliment a Woman's Appearance Using Metaphorical Language: Associations with Creativity, Masculinity, Intelligence and Attractiveness. Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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Alexander V. Georgiev, Calen P. Ryan, Judith B. Borja & Christopher W. Kuzawa. (2017) Is early postnatal growth velocity, a proxy of minipubertal androgen action, related to adult second‐to‐fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios in men? A test in Cebu, Philippines. American Journal of Human Biology 29:6.
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M. P. Velez, T. E. Arbuckle, P. Monnier & W. D. Fraser. (2017) Is maternal periconceptional smoking associated with 2D:4D digit ratio in their children?. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 8:5, pages 597-603.
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Magdalena Klimek, Urszula M. Marcinkowska & Grazyna Jasienska. (2017) Value of digit ratio 2D:4D, a biomarker of prenatal hormone exposure, is stable across the menstrual cycle. Early Human Development 110, pages 21-24.
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Alexander V. Georgiev, Calen P. Ryan, Lee T. Gettler, Thomas W. McDade & Christopher W. Kuzawa. (2017) Second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is unrelated to measures of somatic reproductive effort among young men from Cebu, the Philippines. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 163:3, pages 437-445.
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M.P. Vélez, T.E. Arbuckle, P. Monnier & W.D. Fraser. (2016) Female digit length ratio (2D:4D) and time-to-pregnancy. Human Reproduction 31:9, pages 2128-2134.
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Magdalena Klimek, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Ilona Nenko & Grazyna Jasienska. (2016) Women with more feminine digit ratio (2D:4D) have higher reproductive success. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 160:3, pages 549-553.
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Coren L. Apicella, Victoria A. Tobolsky, Frank W. Marlowe & Kathleen W. Miller. (2016) Hadza hunter-gatherer men do not have more masculine digit ratios (2D:4D). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 159:2, pages 223-232.
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Lee Ellis, Amy Lykins, Anthony Hoskin & Malini Ratnasingam. (2015) Putative Androgen Exposure and Sexual Orientation: Cross-Cultural Evidence Suggesting a Modified Neurohormonal Theory. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 12:12, pages 2364-2377.
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Magdalena Klimek, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Heidi Colleran, Inger Thune, Peter T. Ellison, Anna Ziomkiewicz & Grazyna Jasienska. (2015) Digit ratio (2D:4D) does not correlate with daily 17β-estradiol and progesterone concentrations in healthy women of reproductive age. American Journal of Human Biology 27:5, pages 667-673.
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Louis Calistro Alvarado, Martin N. Muller, Melissa Emery Thompson, Magdalena Klimek, Ilona Nenko & Grazyna Jasienska. (2015) The Paternal Provisioning Hypothesis: Effects of workload and testosterone production on men's musculature. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 158:1, pages 19-35.
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David Ong, Man Xie & Junsen Zhang. (2020) The College Admissions Contribution to the Labor Market Beauty Premium. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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