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Research Article

Characterization of Phase Transitions During Freeze-Drying by In Situ X-ray Powder Diffractometry

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Pages 579-586 | Received 05 Jun 1998, Accepted 02 Sep 1998, Published online: 27 Sep 2008

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Davide Fissore, Roberto Pisano & Antonello A. Barresi. (2018) Process analytical technology for monitoring pharmaceuticals freeze-drying – A comprehensive review . Drying Technology 36:15, pages 1839-1865.
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Bakul S. Bhatnagar, Robin H. Bogner & Michael J. Pikal. (2007) Protein Stability During Freezing: Separation of Stresses and Mechanisms of Protein Stabilization. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 12:5, pages 505-523.
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Lian Yu, Nathaniel Milton, Edward G. Groleau, Dinesh S. Mishra & Ronald E. Vansickle. (1999) Existence of a mannitol hydrate during freeze‐drying and practical implications. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 88:2, pages 196-198.
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