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Research Article

Nebulized Sodium Bicarbonate in the Treatment of Chlorine Gas Inhalation

Pages 233-241 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

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Aboubakari Nambiema, Gabrielle Coyo, Jean-Baptiste Barbe-Richaud, Jeremy Blottiaux, Nicolas Retière-Doré, Grace Sembajwe & Alexis Descatha. (2022) Human chlorine gas exposition and its management – an umbrella review on human data. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 52:1, pages 32-50.
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Alice Huynh Tuong, Thomas Despréaux, Thomas Loeb, Jérôme Salomon, Bruno Mégarbane & Alexis Descatha. (2019) Emergency management of chlorine gas exposure – a systematic review. Clinical Toxicology 57:2, pages 77-98.
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Okhan Akdur, Erdogan M. Sozuer, Ibrahim Ikizceli, Levent Avsarogullari, Figen Ozturk, Sabahattin Muhtaroglu, Seda Ozkan & Polat Durukan. (2008) Experimental Inhalation of Chlorine Gas Produced with a Different Method; Effects of N-Acetyl Cysteine on Acute Pulmonary Damage. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 18:9, pages 739-743.
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Sahin Aslan, Hayati Kandiş, Metin Akgun, Zeynep Çakır, Tacettin Inandı & Metin Görgüner. (2006) The Effect of Nebulized NaHCO Treatment on “RADS” Due to Chlorine Gas Inhalation. Inhalation Toxicology 18:11, pages 895-900.
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Jianpu Wang & Sten M. Walther. (2004) Chlorine gas inhalation: mechanisms of injury and treatment. International Journal of Disaster Medicine 2:3, pages 75-81.
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Joseph D. Sexton & David J. Pronchik. (1998) Chlorine Inhalation. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 36:1-2, pages 87-93.
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Keith K. Burkhart, Andres Britt, Greg Petrini, Sandy O'Donnell & J. Ward. (1996) Pulmonary Toxicity Following Exposure to an Aerosolized Leather Protector. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 34:1, pages 21-24.
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Articles from other publishers (41)

Kyle A Weant, Regan A Baum, Garrett B Hile, Roger L Humphries, Elise L Metts, Amy R Miller, Jordan A Woolum & Abby M Bailey. (2023) Nebulized medications in the emergency department: A narrative review of nontraditional agents. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy.
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G. Coyo, A. Nambiema, J.-B. Barbe-Richaud & A. Descatha. (2022) Inhalation aiguë de chlore. Mise au point pour le médecin du travail. Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 83:2, pages 119-125.
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Abdallah M Elsafti Elsaeidy, Osama I Alsaleh, Gerlant van Berlaer, Abdulrahman A Alhallak, Saad S Saeed, Ashraf Soliman & Ives Hubloue. (2021) Effects of Two Chlorine Gas Attacks on Hospital Admission and Clinical Outcomes in Kafr Zita, Syria. Cureus.
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Evan S. Schwarz. (2021) Inhalants. Critical Care Clinics 37:3, pages 687-702.
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Muhammad Faisal Khilji. (2020) Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Industrial Chlorine Gas Exposure Incidence in Oman. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36:1, pages 18-24.
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Tobias Zellner & Florian Eyer. (2020) Choking agents and chlorine gas – History, pathophysiology, clinical effects and treatment. Toxicology Letters 320, pages 73-79.
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C. Steiner, C. Eisenhawer & R. Merget. (2019) Lungenschädigung durch akute SchadstoffinhalationLung injury due to acute inhalation of hazardous substances. Der Pneumologe 16:3, pages 160-167.
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Orsolya Dobay, Krisztina Laub, Balázs Stercz, Adrienn Kéri, Bernadett Balázs, Adrienn Tóthpál, Szilvia Kardos, Pongsiri Jaikumpun, Kasidid Ruksakiet, Paul M. Quinton & Ákos Zsembery. (2018) Bicarbonate Inhibits Bacterial Growth and Biofilm Formation of Prevalent Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens. Frontiers in Microbiology 9.
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Nikhil A. Huprikar, Steven D. Deas & Andrew J. Skabelund. (2017) Non-traumatic Pulmonary Emergencies in the Deployed Setting. Current Pulmonology Reports 6:2, pages 138-145.
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Leopoldo C. Cancio, Robert L. Sheridan, Rob Dent, Sarah Gene Hjalmarson, Emmie Gardner, Annette F. Matherly, Vikhyat S. Bebarta & Tina Palmieri. (2017) Guidelines for Burn Care Under Austere Conditions. Journal of Burn Care & Research 38:1, pages e482-e496.
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Michael G. Holland. 2017. Critical Care Toxicology. Critical Care Toxicology 223 248 .
Mahmoud H. Abou Alaiwa, Janice L. Launspach, Kelsey A. Sheets, Jade A. Rivera, Nicholas D. Gansemer, Peter J. Taft, Peter S. Thorne, Michael J. Welsh, David A. Stoltz & Joseph Zabner. (2016) Repurposing tromethamine as inhaled therapy to treat CF airway disease. JCI Insight 1:8.
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Adrian Carpenter, A T Cox, D Marion, A Phillips & I Ewington. (2016) A case of a chlorine inhalation injury in an Ebola treatment unit. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 162:3, pages 229-231.
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Matthew Carlisle, Adam Lam, Erik R. Svendsen, Saurabh Aggarwal & Sadis Matalon. (2016) Chlorine-induced cardiopulmonary injury. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1374:1, pages 159-167.
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Michael G. Holland. 2016. Critical Care Toxicology. Critical Care Toxicology 1 26 .
Joo-An Kim, Seong-Yong Yoon, Seong-Yong Cho, Jin-Hyun Yu, Hwa-Sung Kim, Gune-Il Lim & Jin-Seok Kim. (2014) Acute health effects of accidental chlorine gas exposure. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 26:1.
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Emily Mackie, Erik Svendsen, Stephen Grant, Jill E. Michels & William H. Richardson. (2014) Management of Chlorine Gas-Related Injuries From the Graniteville, South Carolina, Train Derailment. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8:5, pages 411-416.
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Charles A. McKayJr.Jr.. (2014) Toxin-induced Respiratory Distress. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 32:1, pages 127-147.
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John E. VajnerIIIIII & Derrick Lung. (2013) Case Files of the University of California San Francisco Medical Toxicology Fellowship: Acute Chlorine Gas Inhalation and the Utility of Nebulized Sodium Bicarbonate. Journal of Medical Toxicology 9:3, pages 259-265.
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Efrain Marrero. (2013) A 48-Year-Old Woman With Chloride Gas Toxicity. Journal of Emergency Nursing 39:3, pages 236-237.
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Paul D. Tourigny & Chris Hall. (2012) Diagnosis and Management of Environmental Thoracic Emergencies. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 30:2, pages 501-528.
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Kurt Kleinschmidt & Evan Schwarz. 2011. Textbook of Critical Care. Textbook of Critical Care 1374 1378 .
Paul D. Blanc. 2010. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine 1619 1635 .
David Van Sickle, Mary Anne Wenck, Amy Belflower, Dan Drociuk, Jill Ferdinands, Fernando Holguin, Erik Svendsen, Lena Bretous, Shirley Jankelevich, James J. Gibson, Paul Garbe & Ronald L. Moolenaar. (2009) Acute health effects after exposure to chlorine gas released after a train derailment. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 27:1, pages 1-7.
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Robert Henning. 2008. Pediatric Respiratory Medicine. Pediatric Respiratory Medicine 305 330 .
John F. Hunt & Benjamin Gaston. (2008) Airway acidification and gastroesophageal reflux. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 8:1, pages 79-84.
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Cindy Howard, Briggetta Ducre, Anthony M. Burda & Arthur Kubic. (2007) Management of Chlorine Gas Exposure. Journal of Emergency Nursing 33:4, pages 402-404.
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Adeline Ngo, R. Ponampalam, Mark Leong & Lim Swee Han. (2012) Chlorine and its Impact on an Emergency Department. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22:2, pages 136-139.
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MARTIN BELSON. 2007. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose 1399 1406 .
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Rais Vohra & Richard F. Clark. (2006) Chlorine-related Inhalation Injury from a Swimming Pool Disinfectant in a 9-year-old Girl. Pediatric Emergency Care 22:4, pages 254-257.
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John Hunt. (2006) Exhaled Breath Condensate pH. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 173:4, pages 366-367.
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Anthony M. BurdaTodd Sigg. (2016) Pharmacy Preparedness for Incidents Involving Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical Weapons. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 17:4, pages 251-265.
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Thomas Lemke & Richard Wang. (2001) Emergency Department Observation for Toxicologic Exposures. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 19:1, pages 155-167.
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Chris Winder. (2001) The Toxicology of Chlorine. Environmental Research 85:2, pages 105-114.
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Antonio Dueñas Laita, Santiago Nogué Xarau & Fernando Prados Roa. (2001) Accidentes o atentados con armas químicas: bases para la atención sanitaria. Medicina Clínica 117:14, pages 541-554.
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Anthony M. Burda & Todd Sigg. (2016) Pharmacy Preparedness for Incidents Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 13:2, pages 141-155.
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