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Research Article

The Intermediate Syndrome in Organophosphate Poisoning: An Overview of Experimental and Clinical Observations

Pages 683-686 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (8)

Kosala N. Dissanayake, Robert Chang-Chih Chou, Adrian Thompson, Filip Margetiny, Charlotte Davie, Scott McKinnon, Vishwendra Patel, Lester Sultatos, Joseph J. McArdle, Richard E. Clutton, Michael Eddleston & Richard R. Ribchester. (2021) Impaired neuromuscular function by conjoint actions of organophosphorus insecticide metabolites omethoate and cyclohexanol with implications for treatment of respiratory failure. Clinical Toxicology 59:12, pages 1239-1258.
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Jeevan Dhanarisi, Fathima Shihana, Kirsi Harju, Fahim Mohamed, Vasundhara Verma, Seyed Shahmy, Paula Vanninen, Olli Kostiainen, Indika Gawarammana & Michael Eddleston. (2020) A pilot clinical study of the neuromuscular blocker rocuronium to reduce the duration of ventilation after organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Clinical Toxicology 58:4, pages 254-261.
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Muhammet Güven, Murat Sungur, Bülent Eser, İsmail Sarı & Fevzi Altuntaş. (2004) The Effects of Fresh Frozen Plasma on Cholinesterase Levels and Outcomes in Patients with Organophosphate Poisoning . Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 42:5, pages 617-623.
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Dursun Aygun, Zahide Doganay, Levent Altintop, Hakan Guven, Musa Onar, Turgut Deniz & Tevfik Sunter. (2002) Serum Acetylcholinesterase and Prognosis of Acute Organophosphate Poisoning. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 40:7, pages 903-910.
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Daniel L. Sudakin, Michael E. Mullins, B. Zane Horowitz, Virginia Abshier & Lynda Letzig. (2000) Intermediate Syndrome After Malathion Ingestion Despite Continuous Infusion of Pralidoxime. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 38:1, pages 47-50.
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Po-Yi Yang, Thomas C.Y. Tsao, Ja-Liang Lin, Rong-Kuo Lyu & Ping-Cherng Chiang. (2000) Carbofuran-Induced Delayed Neuropathy. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 38:1, pages 43-46.
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Eugenio Vilanova & Miguel A. Sogorb. (1999) The Role of Phosphotriesterases in the Detoxication of Organophosphorus Compounds. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 29:1, pages 21-57.
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Articles from other publishers (48)

Milan Jokanović, Patrik Oleksak & Kamil Kuca. (2023) Multiple neurological effects associated with exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in man. Toxicology 484, pages 153407.
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Sigal Klainbart, Meital Grabarnik, Efrat Kelmer, Orit Chai, Olga Cuneah, Gilad Segev & Itamar Aroch. (2022) Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of acute organophosphate or carbamate intoxication in 39 cats. Veterinary Record 191:1.
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Muyesaier Tudi, Hairong Li, Hongying Li, Li Wang, Jia Lyu, Linsheng Yang, Shuangmei Tong, Qiming Jimmy Yu, Huada Daniel Ruan, Albert Atabila, Dung Tri Phung, Ross Sadler & Des Connell. (2022) Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application. Toxics 10:6, pages 335.
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Ya-Ling Chung, Yi-Chou Hou, I-Kuan Wang, Kuo-Cheng Lu & Tzung-Hai Yen. (2021) Organophosphate pesticides and new-onset diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanisms to a possible therapeutic perspective. World Journal of Diabetes 12:11, pages 1818-1831.
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Sakib Aman, Shrebash Paul & Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury. (2021) Management of Organophosphorus Poisoning. Critical Care Clinics 37:3, pages 673-686.
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Michael Eddleston. (2019) Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 59:1, pages 341-360.
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Milan Jokanović. (2018) Neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides and possible association with neurodegenerative diseases in man: A review. Toxicology 410, pages 125-131.
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Daniel O. Carmany, Phillip M. Mach, Gabrielle M. Rizzo, Elizabeth S. Dhummakupt, Ethan M. McBride, Jennifer W. Sekowski, Bernard Benton, Paul S. Demond, Michael W. Busch & Trevor Glaros. (2018) On-substrate Enzymatic Reaction to Determine Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Whole Blood by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 29:12, pages 2436-2442.
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M. A. Tyunin, S. V. Chepur, A. S. Gogolevsky, D. V. Selivanov, N. I. Burtseva & N. S. Ilyinskiy. (2017) THE PROBLEM OF THE INTERMEDIATE SYNDROME FOLLOWING POISONING WITH ANTI-CHOLINESTERASE AGENTS. Toxicological Review:4, pages 40-49.
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Steven B. Bird, Predrag Krajacic, Keigo Sawamoto, Naofumi Bunya, Emanuele Loro & Tejvir S. Khurana. (2016) Pharmacotherapy to protect the neuromuscular junction after acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1374:1, pages 86-93.
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Michael Eddleston & Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury. (2016) Pharmacological treatment of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning: the old and the (possible) new. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 81:3, pages 462-470.
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Christopher M. Timperley & John Tattersall. 2015. Best Synthetic Methods. Best Synthetic Methods 1 89 .
Benjamin D. Kessler, Maneesha Sabharwal, Carol Pak-Teng & Robert S. Hoffman. (2014) In response to “plasma exchange in patients with intermediate syndrome due to organophosphates”. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 32:1, pages 87.
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Michael T. Pulley & Alan R. Berger. 2014. Neuromuscular Disorders in Clinical Practice. Neuromuscular Disorders in Clinical Practice 703 714 .
Tetsuo Satoh & Milan Jokanović. 2014. Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorus Compounds. Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorus Compounds 119 139 .
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Mohammad Abdollahi & Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri. (2012) A comprehensive review on experimental and clinical findings in intermediate syndrome caused by organophosphate poisoning. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 258:3, pages 309-314.
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Monica Aleman. (2011) Miscellaneous Neurologic or Neuromuscular Disorders in Horses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 27:3, pages 481-506.
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Christopher Rosenbaum & Steven B. Bird. (2010) Non-muscarinic Therapeutic Targets for Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning. Journal of Medical Toxicology 6:4, pages 408-412.
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Milan Jokanović & Melita Kosanović. (2010) Neurotoxic effects in patients poisoned with organophosphorus pesticides. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 29:3, pages 195-201.
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David Baker. 2010. Miller's Anesthesia. Miller's Anesthesia 2333 2356 .
Chen-Chang Yang & Jou-Fang Deng. (2007) Intermediate Syndrome Following Organophosphate Insecticide Poisoning. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 70:11, pages 467-472.
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