Electrochemical Determination of Bisphenol A in Saliva by a Novel Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Gold-Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Composite Paste Electrode

Abstract

A novel synthesized gold (Au)-reduced graphene oxide composite (rGO) was used for the fabrication of an electroactive paste inserted in a three-dimensional (3D)-printed platform for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA). The proposed method exhibits good response towards oxidation of BPA in the linear concentration range from 1.00 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ to 1.00 × 10⁻² mol L⁻¹. The Au-rGO based 3D-printed platform determined BPA with a detection limit of 3.52 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹, in comparison with rGO based 3D-printed platform, where the limit of detection was 3.05 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹. Gold modification of rGO improves the sensitivity and electrochemical behavior of the material for BPA oxidation. The method was validated using five saliva samples collected from children.

Keywords:

• Bisphenol A (BPA)
• cyclic voltammetry (CV)
• differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)
• reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
• three-dimensional (3D) printing

Notes

1 LC – liquid chromatography; HPLC – high performance liquid chromatography; EI -electronspray ionization; MS – mass sprectrometry; GC-gas chromatography; ELISA – enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; FL – fluorescence; ED – electrochemical detection.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Research and Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI, under Grant Number PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2016-0190, within PNCDI III.