Official bilingualism in a multilingual nation: a study of the 2030 bilingual nation policy in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

Since the late 1980s, Taiwan has moved away from Mandarin-only language policy in favour of greater recognition of local Taiwanese languages as part of a greater localisation movement. While continuing to implement language policies aimed at promoting local Taiwanese languages, in December 2018, Taiwan announced intent to implement a bilingual language policy to incorporate English by 2030, titled Bilingual Nation. Applying Ball’s (1993) policy as discourse framework, this paper endeavours to investigate the Bilingual Nation policy planning and rhetoric so as to shed light on Taiwan’s official conceptualisation of national identity. The case study finds that English is the primary focus of Bilingual Nation policy documents and is relegated to the discursive arenas of internationalisation and global economic competition. English is rarely discussed in tandem with any other specific language or language category, with little consideration for the interaction of English and Taiwan’s official national languages. In sum, Bilingual Nation acts as an affirmation of the current status quo in Taiwan’s official conception of national identity: muddled, with the assumption of Mandarin at its centre. Questions remain for Bilingual Nation and its ability to push beyond a symbolic state effort for internationalisation or unproductive labours for international status.

KEYWORDS:

• Bilingual education
• national identity
• internationalisation
• language policy

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Professor Edward Vickers for his insightful comments.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.

Notes

1 This paper uses the term Taiwanese to refer to the variant of Minnanyu spoken in Taiwan. Minnanyu originates from Fujian Province in Mainland China and is spoken by Hokkien people around the world.

2 The terms Chinese and Mandarin have several translations in Mandarin in Taiwan. The following Chinese language terms were considered: Zhongwen (中文) and Huayu (華語) for Chinese, and Guoyu (國語) and Hanyu (漢語) for Mandarin.