A new Eocene cylindrodontid rodent from the Erlian Basin (Nei Mongol, China) and its implications for phylogeny and biochronology

ABSTRACT

We report a new early–middle Eocene cylindrodontid rodent, Gobiocylindrodon ulausuensis, gen. et sp. nov., from the Ula Usu West locality, Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China. Gobiocylindrodon ulausuensis is morphologically more primitive than known later cylindrodontids in having lower-crowned molars, less-rounded upper molars in occlusal view, a more oblique hypolophid on p4, a slightly anterolabially extended hypoconid on m1–3, and a narrow posterosinusid posteriorly and a broad mesosinusid anteriorly on the lower cheek teeth. The lower incisor enamel of G. ulausuensis is pauciserial. Our phylogenetic analysis of a data matrix including 14 taxa and 40 morphological characters reveals that G. ulausuensis is a basal cylindrodontid. Gobiocylindrodon ulausuensis casts new light on early cylindrodontid evolution in Asia and provides new evidence for mammalian dispersals between Asia and North America during the early–middle Eocene. Gobiocylindrodon-bearing strata are probably Arshantan in age.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank B. Bai, X. Jin, P. Li, X. J. Ni, W. Zhou, W. Gao, H. B. Wang, Y. X. Gong, Y. X. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Q. Li, X. Y. Wang, and R. C. Xu for assistance in field work, and S. J. Li for specimen preparation. We extend our gratitude to J. Galkin for access to the collection of rodents at the American Museum of Natural History, and H. W. Si for assistance with SEM photography. C. Sullivan helped to improve the manuscript. This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB26000000, XDA20070203) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41572013, 41572021). The field work was also supported by the Special Fund for Fossil Excavation and Preparation, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

ORCID

Yuan Q. Wang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7467-6586

Jin Meng http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-8383