Frequency Regulation in Conventional, Deregulated and Microgrid Systems: A Review on Designs, Strategies, Techniques and Related Aspects

Abstract

The paper reports an extensive assessment of the load frequency control (LFC) technique, effectively utilized for frequency regulation in the power system. The scope of LFC is to restore the mismatch between the load and generation in each control area and minimize the transient deviations with zero steady-state error in advance. This paper addresses the structural design, methods, and methodologies carried out in conventional, deregulated and microgrid systems used widely to suppress the frequency deviations occurring in the power sector for various reasons. It enumerates the recent trends and approaches in designing different market models and proposes control strategies for structures integrated with renewables and flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices. This critical research also imposes the need for frequency regulation for the microgrid systems that include distributed energy resources and related findings.

Keywords:

• Control strategies
• Conventional system
• Deregulated system
• Energy storage devices
• Load frequency control
• Microgrid soft computing techniques

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ruby Vincy Roy Franklin

Ruby Vincy Roy Franklin received Bachelor of Engineering degree from Anna University, Chennai, India in 2011 and Masters of Engineering degree from BS Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, India in 2013. Worked as an assistant professor for 6 years at Anna University, affiliated Institution, Chennai, India. Currently working as a research associate and pursuing PhD at VIT, Chennai, India. The areas of interest include load frequency control in deregulated and microgrid systems. Email: [email protected]

Peer Fathima Abdul Kareem

Peer Fathima Abdul Kareem obtained her BE degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from Madurai Kamaraj University, India, ME degree in high voltage engineering from Anna University, Chennai, and MS degree in electronics & control from BITS Pilani, India. She received her PhD degree from Anna University, Chennai, India. She has been in the teaching profession for the past 30 years. She has published over 100 papers in international journals and conferences. She was the principal investigator for a AICTE MODROB project. She has guided several PG and UG projects. She has produced three PhD holders and at present guiding six PhD scholars at VIT. Her main teaching and research interest encompasses power system operation and control in deregulated power systems, power quality and renewable energy applications in power systems.