Adapting, testing, and refining a resilience intervention for older women with HIV: An open pilot study

Abstract

Half of persons with HIV in the United States (US), many of whom are women, are over age 50. Aging women with HIV (WWH) face unique biopsychosocial challenges, including stigma, the physiological effects of aging, and illness-associated stressors. Resilience interventions can build awareness of such stressors and aid in facilitating the relaxation response; however, no existing interventions specifically cater to the needs of older WWH. The content of the Relaxation Response Resiliency Program, which teaches positive psychology strategies, relaxation techniques, and cognitive behavioral skills, was adapted for older WWH. Thirteen WWH over 50 participated in an open pilot of the adapted intervention to iteratively refine the program and its procedures. Participants attended either 8 or 10 weekly group sessions; three groups were conducted in total. Pre- and post-intervention assessments and qualitative exit interviews were conducted. Among completers, an increase in resilience was observed. Though significance testing was not conducted, social support also increased, and depression, anxiety, and HIV stigma decreased from pre- to post-intervention. Over half of eligible women enrolled; completers reported high satisfaction with the program. However, retention was difficult; six participants withdrew or were lost to follow-up. Mean number of sessions attended was 3.5 in the 8-session group and 5 in the 10-session groups. In this small sample, the adapted intervention led to a clinically meaningful increase in resilience, though recruitment and retention were challenging. Further refinements to the intervention are needed to minimize attrition and increase acceptability before additional testing is initiated.

Keywords:

• Aging
• HIV
• women
• resilience
• feasibility

Trial Registration::

• ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03071887

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the efforts of our participants, and thank them for participating in the open pilot and for sharing their experiences with us.

Author note

Dr. Greer Raggio and Elsa S. Briggs were affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, MA at the time the research was conducted. Dr. Raggio is now primarily affiliated with the National Center for Weight and Wellness in Washington, DC, and Ms. Briggs is now primarily affiliated with the Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington in Seattle, WA.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health [NCCIH; 5R34AT009170] and by a T32 training grant from the National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH; 5T32MH116140-03].