The Hausa Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment in patients with non-specific neck pain

Abstract

Purpose

To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) into Hausa and assess its psychometric properties.

Materials and Methods

The NPQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Hausa using recommended guidelines. A consecutive sample of 92 Hausa-speaking patients with non-specific neck pain recruited from three tertiary hospitals in north-western Nigeria, completed the questionnaire to assess factorial validity (using confirmatory factor analysis), convergent validity (by correlating the Hausa-NPQ with the Numerical Pain Rating Scale [NPRS]), and internal consistency (using Cronbach’s α). A subsample of 50 patients completed the questionnaire again 3 days after the first administration to assess relative reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and absolute reliability using standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC), and 95% limits of agreement (LOA).

Results

The factor analysis confirmed a single-factor structure with excellent internal consistency (α = 0.94). The questionnaire showed a strong positive correlation with the NPRS (rho = 0.68). The ICC was 0.86, with SEM and SDC of 6.32 and 17.5, respectively. The LOA was − 29.3 to + 37.1 with no evidence of proportional bias.

Conclusions

The Hausa-NPQ is a valid and reliable measure of disability due to neck pain.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• This study describes the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric assessment of the Hausa-NPQ in Hausa-speaking patients with non-specific neck pain.

• The questionnaire demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in terms of factorial and convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.

• The questionnaire will be useful in clinical and research settings to assess disability due to neck pain for screening purposes, evaluation of treatment effectiveness, as well as cross-cultural comparisons involving Hausa-speaking individuals with neck pain.

Keywords:

• Non-specific neck pain
• Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire
• translation
• cross-cultural adaptation
• psychometric assessment
• Hausa

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge all the translators involved in the questionnaire adaptation and the entire clinicians of the physiotherapy departments of AKTH, MMSH, and MAWTH for their support during participants’ recruitment and data collection.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The study was supported by the Directorate of Research, Innovation, and Partnership (DRIP), Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. The organization had no influence on the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.