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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition Volume 63, 2023 - Issue 2
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Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and risk of low birth weight: a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Sanaz Soltania Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9317-4717View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Asma Salari-Moghaddama Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-8803View further author information
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Parvane Saneeib Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-7833View further author information
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Mohammadreza Askaria Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-7833View further author information
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Bagher Larijanic Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-7597View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Leila Azadbakhta Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;d Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-6818View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Ahmad Esmaillzadeha Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;e Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;f Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-6047View further author information
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Pages 224-233 | Published online: 05 Jul 2021
 
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Abstract

Background & Objectives

Earlier published studies on maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy in relation to the risk of low birth weight (LBW) (birth weight <2500 g) have indicated conflicting findings. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the association between maternal caffeine intake and risk of LBW.

Methods

We searched for relevant articles published up to Jan 2021 through PubMed and Scopus. For this purpose, we used MESH (Medical Subject Heading) and non-MESH keywords. Cohort studies that considered maternal caffeine intake as the exposure variable and LBW as the main outcome variable were included in the systematic review. Finally, seven cohort studies were considered in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Results

Combining seven effect sizes, we found a significant positive association between maternal caffeine intake and risk of LBW (RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.19–2.43). We also found that each additional 100-mg per day of maternal caffeine intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of LBW (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22; Pheterogeneity = 0.020). In addition, nonlinear dose–response analysis showed a significant relationship (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) between maternal caffeine intake and risk of LBW.

Conclusions

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a significant positive association between maternal caffeine intake and risk of LBW.

Acknowledgements

The authors’ responsibilities were as follows— SS, LA, BL and AE: designed the research; SS and MA: conducted the research; SS, ASM and PS: analyzed the data; SS and AE: wrote the manuscript; AE: had primary responsibility for the final content; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure statement

All authors reported no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

The authors received no funding from an external source.

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