A comprehensive review on preparation, structure-activities relationship, and calcium bioavailability of casein phosphopeptides

Abstract

Calcium is one of the important elements for human health. Calcium deficiencies can lead to numerous diseases. Calcium chelating peptides have shown potential application in the management of calcium deficiencies. Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) are phosphoseryl-containing fragments of casein by enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation during manufacture of milk products as well as during intestinal digestion. An increasing number of CPP with the ability to facilitate and enhance the bioavailability of calcium are being discovered and identified. In this review, 249 reported CPP derived from four types of bovine casein (αs1, αs2, β and κ) were collected, and the amino acid sequence and phosphoserine group information were sorted out. This review outlines the current enzyme hydrolysis, detection methods, purification, structure-activity relationship and mechanism of intestinal calcium absorption in vitro and in vivo as well as application of CPP.

Keywords:

• Application
• calcium bioavailability
• casein phosphopeptides
• preparation
• structure-activities relationship

Disclosure statement

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.

Additional information

Funding

The authors express their gratitude to the Project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M672651), the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams (2019ZT08N291), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (2018B030322010), and Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products (2016B090920093).