Relation between blood pressure and genito-urinary symptoms in the years across the menopausal age

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the relation between blood pressure (BP) or heart rate and genito-urinary symptoms in 504 women across the menopausal age (40–55 years old).

Methods

In this multicenter, cross-sectional study, data of office systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate were related to the presence of vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, vaginal atrophy (VA), recurrent urinary infection (RUI), hot flushes (HF) or menopausal status.

Results

Vaginal dryness (coefficient of linear regression β = 5.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01–8.89; p = 0.0001), VA (β = 3.79, 95% CI 0.84–6.74; p = 0.002) and RUI (β = 3.91, 95% CI 0.72–7.09; p = 0.0163) were independently related to SBP. Vaginal dryness (β = 3.28, 95% CI 0.95–5.61; p = 0.0058), and HF (β = 2.29, 95% CI 0.29–4.28; p = 0.025) were independently related to DBP. Dyspareunia (β = 2.11, 95% CI 0.50–3.72; p = 0.010) was independently related to heart rate. Hypertension was present in 17% of women. When corrected for body mass index (BMI), risk factors for hypertension were VA (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.43–4.40; p = 0.0014), RUI (OR 1.94 95% CI 1.06–3.52; p = 0.0302) and HF (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15–3.50; p = 0.0141).

Conclusions

In women across the menopausal age, genito-urinary symptoms, more than HF, are associated with higher values of SBP, DBP, heart rate and hypertension.

摘要

目的：本研究旨在评估 504 名绝经年龄（40-55 岁）女性的血压 (BP) 或心率与泌尿生殖系统症状之间的关系。

方法：在这项多中心、横断面研究中, 诊室收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率数据与阴道干涩、性交痛、阴道萎缩（VA）、复发性尿路感染(RUI) 、潮热 (HF) 或绝经状态有关。

结果：阴道干燥（线性回归系数 b=5.45, 95% 置信区间 [CI] 2.01–8.89；p=0.0001）, VA（b=3.79, 95% CI 0.84–6.74；p=0.002）和 RUI（b=3 .91, 95% CI 0.72–7.09; p = 0.0163）与 SBP 独立相关。阴道干燥 (b=3.28, 95% CI 0.95–5.61; p=0.0058) 和 HF (b=2.29, 95% CI 0.29–4.28; p=0.025) 与 DBP 独立相关。性交困难 (b=2.11, 95% CI 0.50–3.72; p=0.010) 与心率独立相关。 17% 的女性患有高血压。校正体重指数 (BMI) 后, 高血压的危险因素为 VA (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.43–4.40; p=0.0014)、RUI (OR 1.94 95% CI 1.06–3.52; p=0.0302) 和 HF ( 或 2.01, 95% CI 1.15–3.50；p = 0.0141）。

结论：在绝经年龄段的女性中, 泌尿生殖系统症状（多于HF）与收缩压、舒张压、心率和高血压的较高值相关。

Keywords:

• Blood pressure
• vaginal dryness
• vaginal atrophy
• hot flush
• vasomotor symptoms
• menopause
• cardiovascular disease
• perimenopause

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr Marco Zuin of the University of Ferrara for critical revision of the manuscript. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of all the centers participating in the study. All enrolled women provided written informed consent. There are no linked research data sets for this paper. Data will be made available on request.

Potential conflict of interest

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Partially funded by an unrestricted grant from the Italian Menopause Society (SIM) [Grant: SIM 001-2015].