https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-8573
![Sample our Built Environment journals, sign in here to start your access, Latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5926/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Built-Environment.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
Overall developments in internal combustion engines suggest that the ORC system recovers exhaust heat for further use, increases system performance, and decreases adverse environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions, and particulate matter. This paper presents an overview of crucial advancements in the field of ORC application in commercial vehicles for WHR and continuing developments toward clean fuels and emission regulatory standards. The review work is centered on the potential of ORC technology, its applications in highway truck engines heat recovery, and most notably, the bottlenecks associated with incorporating ORC technology into commercial vehicles exhaust energy recovery. Furthermore, a range of distinct engine operating patterns is reported in respect of average speeds of trucks to assess the appropriate operating points for the chosen application.
Nomenclature
| Abbreviations | = | |
| BTE | = | Brake thermal efficiency |
| CFCs | = | Chlorofluorocarbons |
| CHP | = | Combined heat and power |
| D | = | Dry Working Fluid |
| EHR | = | Exhaust Heat Recovery |
| GHG | = | Greenhouse gas |
| GWP | = | Global warming potentials |
| HCFCs | = | Hydrochlorofluorocarbons |
| HCs | = | Hydrocarbons |
| HFCs | = | Hydrofluorocarbons |
| HFOs | = | Hydrofluoroolefins |
| I | = | Isentropic Working Fluid |
| ICE | = | Internal combustion engine |
| M | = | Molar mass |
| NEDC | = | New European driving cycle |
| ODP | = | Ozone Layer Depletion Potential |
| ORC | = | Organic Rankine cycle |
| PFCs | = | Perfluorocarbons |
| PM | = | Particulate matter |
| R&D | = | Research and development |
| rpm | = | Revolution per minute |
| T-s | = | Temperature – entropy |
| W | = | Wet Working Fluid |
| WF | = | Working fluid |
| WHR | = | Waste heat recovery |
| Greek symbols | = | |
| = | Mass flow rate [kg/s] | |
| = | Work done [kW] | |
| = | Enthalpy [kJ/kg] | |
| = | Heat source | |
| ɳ | = | Efficiency [%] |
| = | Thermal power [kJ] | |
| = | Density [kg/m3] | |
| = | Speed [rad/s] | |
| Subscripts | = | |
| b | = | Boiling |
| c | = | Critical |
| = | Inlet | |
| = | Mechanical | |
| = | Outlet | |
| = | Thermodynamic | |
| = | Turbine |