Microbial Interactions and Immunity Response in Oral Candida Species

Abstract

Oral candidiasis are among the most common noncommunicable diseases, related with serious local and systemic illnesses. Although these infections can occur in all kinds of patients, they are more recurrent in immunosuppressed ones such as patients with HIV, hepatitis, cancer or under long antimicrobial treatments. Candida albicans continues to be the most frequently identified Candida spp. in these disorders, but other non-C. albicans Candida are rising. Understanding the immune responses involved in oral Candida spp. infections is a key feature to a successful treatment and to the design of novel therapies. In this review, we performed a literature search in PubMed and WoS, in order to examine and analyze common oral Candida spp.–bacteria/Candida–Candida interactions and the host immunity response in oral candidiasis.

Keywords::

• biofilm
• Candida spp.
• fungi–bacteria interaction
• immunity
• oral infection

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Jontana Allkja for English.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

L Černáková thanks the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-15-0347 and the grant of VEGA 1/0537/19 from the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and the Sport of the Slovak Republic. CF Rodrigues acknowledge the UID/EQU/00511/2020 Project – Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), financed by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

L Černáková thanks the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-15-0347 and the grant of VEGA 1/0537/19 from the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and the Sport of the Slovak Republic. CF Rodrigues acknowledge the UID/EQU/00511/2020 Project – Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), financed by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.