Teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic: the job demands and job resources associated with telework outcomes

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

Variable	n	%	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min.	Max.
Job Demands
Living with children	208
Yes	103	49.5
No	105	50.5
Shared home office	208
Yes	155	74.5
No	53	25.5
Work-family conflict	208		2.82	1.08	1	5
Professional isolation	208		2.59	1.08	1	5
Job Resources
Home office comfort	208		3.97	1.05	1	5
Home office equipment	208		3.94	1.21	1	5
Home office privacy	208		3.70	1.25	1	5
Technical support	208		3.87	.97	1	5
Technical resources	208		3.87	1.04	1	5
Job security	208		3.95	.99	1	5
Job autonomy	208		3.66	.93	1	5
Organisational support	208		3.64	.71	1	5
Dependent Variables
Telework satisfaction	208		3.94	1.03	1	5
Telework performance	208		3.94	.90	1	5

Table 2. Bivariate correlations.

	Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	Work-family conflict	1
2	Professional isolation	.43**	1
3	Home office comfort	−.13	−.25**	1
4	Home office equipment	−.16*	−.29**	.65**	1
5	Home office privacy	−.09	−.21**	.73**	.60**	1
6	Technical support	−.08	−.15*	.41**	.41**	.32**	1
7	Technical resources	−.10	−.14*	.37**	.38**	.28**	.78**	1
8	Job security	−.08	−.07	.25**	.25**	.23**	.47**	.47**	1
9	Job autonomy	.17*	−.10	.38**	.33**	.35**	.38**	.33**	.38**	1
10	Organisational support	−.22**	−.28**	.30**	.30**	.26**	.42**	.43**	.28**	.37**	1
11	Telework satisfaction	−.15*	−.29**	.50**	.33**	.37**	.59**	.58**	.45**	.32**	.25**	1
12	Telework performance	.07	−.12	.44**	.36**	.37**	.57**	.53**	.50**	.32**	.30**	.63**	1

* < .05 (2-tailed). ** < .01 (2-tailed).

Table 3. Ordinal logistic regression model estimates for telework satisfaction (N = 208).

		Parameter Estimates
		ß	SE	Wald Chi-Square	p-value	Exp (ß)	95% Confidence Interval for Exp (ß)
							Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Threshold Dependent Variable	Telework Sat = 1	1.65	1.18	1.96	.162	5.22	.52	52.79
	Telework Sat = 2	3.43	1.19	8.26	.004	30.95	2.98	321.30
	Telework Sat = 3	5.12	1.22	17.65	<.001	166.69	15.32	1813.51
	Telework Sat = 4	8.33	1.31	40.25	<.001	4135.01	315.64	54171.07
Explanatory Variables	Job Demands
	Living with children (ref = yes)	.17	.31	.32	.570	1.19	.65	2.17
	Shared home office (ref = yes)	.12	.35	.12	.730	1.13	.56	2.27
	Work-family conflict	−.14	.16	.81	.367	.87	.63	1.18
	Professional isolation	−.46	.16	8.38	.004	.63	.46	.86
	Job Resources
	Home office comfort	.89	.23	15.07	<.001	2.44	1.56	3.83
	Home office equipment	−.44	.17	6.57	.010	.64	.46	.90
	Home office privacy	−.02	.18	.01	.909	.98	.69	1.40
	Technical support	.65	.25	7.05	.008	1.92	1.19	3.11
	Technical resources	.93	.23	16.52	<.001	2.53	1.62	3.97
	Job security	.59	.17	11.50	<.001	1.80	1.28	2.52
	Job autonomy	.01	.20	.00	.972	1.01	.69	1.48
	Organisational support	−.49	.25	3.86	.049	.61	.38	1.00

Bolded coefficients represent those that are statistically significant.

Table 4. Ordinal logistic regression model estimates for telework performance (N = 208).

		Parameter Estimates
		ß	SE	Wald Chi-Square	p-value	Exp (ß)	95% Confidence Interval for Exp (ß)
							Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Threshold Dependent Variable	Telework Perf = 1	4.09	1.22	11.31	<.001	59.64	5.50	646.33
	Telework Perf = 2	5.58	1.22	20.82	<.001	264.37	24.09	2901.17
	Telework Perf = 3	7.70	1.27	36.65	<.001	2207.31	182.49	26698.21
	Telework Perf = 4	10.95	1.39	62.00	<.001	57202.58	3742.86	874233.77
Explanatory Variables	Job Demands
	Living with children (ref = yes)	.30	.30	.98	.322	1.35	.75	2.43
	Shared home office (ref = yes)	.07	.35	.04	.848	1.07	.54	2.14
	Work-family conflict	.02	.16	.01	.911	1.02	.75	1.38
	Professional isolation	.02	.15	.02	.890	1.02	.76	1.38
	Job Resources
	Home office comfort	.44	.22	4.11	.043	1.56	1.02	2.39
	Home office equipment	−.09	.16	.33	.566	.91	.66	1.25
	Home office privacy	.15	.18	.74	.389	1.16	.82	1.64
	Technical support	.76	.25	9.58	.002	2.14	1.32	3.46
	Technical resources	.34	.22	2.36	.125	1.41	.91	2.18
	Job security	.71	.17	16.93	<.001	2.03	1.45	2.84
	Job autonomy	−.05	.19	.08	.779	.95	.65	1.38
	Organisational support	.07	.24	.09	.763	1.07	.67	1.71

Bolded coefficients represent those that are statistically significant.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (Jaime Auton), upon reasonable request.