Publication Cover
Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 57, 2018 - Issue 1
1,726
Views
59
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Invited Review

The technology of CO2 sequestration by mineral carbonation: current status and future prospects

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 46-58 | Received 10 Apr 2017, Accepted 28 Aug 2017, Published online: 15 Sep 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Mineral carbonation (MC) has been extensively researched all over the world since it was found as a naturally exothermic process to permanently sequester CO2. In order to accelerate the natural process, various methods for carbonation of Mg-/Ca- silicate minerals have been studied. It has been found that the MC efficiency will increase with an increase in CO2 pressure, retention time, temperature, mass ratio of Mg/Ca to Si in minerals, specific surface area, and the slurry concentration in a specific range, and with the introduction of NaCl and NaHCO3 or carbonic anhydrase. However, there is still no successful industrial application because of high economic costs and slow reaction rate. It is not economic to exploit Mg-/Ca- silicate minerals deposits or tailings to sequester CO2 by the MC due to the cost of grinding and heat pre-treatment. In some cases, the whole sequestration process may result in more CO2 emissions than the sequestered CO2 due to the requirements of energy inputs. The process, however, may be profitable as a whole (with carbon credits). It is suggested to combine the MC with valuable metals recovery from ore deposits in order to reduce the cost of the MC by cost sharing for mineral recovery.

RÉSUMÉ

Il y a eu des recherches approfondies à travers le monde au sujet de la carbonatation minérale (CM) puisqu’on a trouvé qu’il s’agissait d’un procédé exothermique naturel de stockage permanent et sécuritaire du CO2. Afin d’accélérer le procédé naturel, on a étudié des méthodes variées de carbonatation de minéraux de silicate de Mg et de Ca et autres déchets industriels. On a trouvé que le rendement de la CM augmentait avec une augmentation de la pression de CO2, de la durée de rétention, de la température, du rapport de masse de Mg ou de Ca par rapport au Si dans les minéraux, de la surface massique, et de la concentration de la suspension dans une gamme spécifique, et avec l’introduction de catalyseurs efficaces, par exemple, NaCl 1M et NaHCO3 0.64M, ou de l’anhydrase carbonique. Cependant, il n’y a pas encore d’application industrielle ayant réussi en raison des coûts économiques élevés et de la faible vitesse de la réaction. Il n’est pas économique d’exploiter les dépôts de minéraux de silicate de Mg ou de Ca ou des rejets pour stocker le CO2 par CM en raison du coût de broyage et de prétraitement thermique. Dans certains cas, le procédé complet de stockage peut entraîner de plus grandes émissions de CO2 que la quantité stockée en raison des exigences d’entrée énergétique. Cependant, le procédé peut être profitable comme un tout (avec crédits de carbone). On suggère de combiner la CM avec la récupération des métaux de valeur à partir des dépôts de minerai afin de réduire le coût de la CM en partageant le coût avec la récupération minérale.

Acknowledgement

We thank the Mineralogical Society of America for the permission to reuse the Figure 1 in this paper; thank the American Association for the Advancement of Science for the permission to reuse the Figure 2; thank the Elsevier for the permission to reuse the Figure 4; thank Dr. Frederic Doucet for the permission to reuse the Figure 5(a) from the Report No. CGS-2011-007 and Dr. Rafael Santos, Pol Knops, Keesjan Rijnsburger and Yi Chiang for the open-access permission to reuse the Figure 5(b); thank the Elsevier and Dr. Ron Zevenhoven for the permission to reuse Figure 6 in this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributor

Fei Wang is a PhD candidate in Material Engineering in the University of British Columbia since 2016. His current work focuses on the combination of CO2 sequestration by mineral carbonation and valuable metals' recovery enhancement.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [grant number 505580 2016].

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 61.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 416.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.