Examining how parent and teacher enthusiasm influences motivation and achievement in STEM

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and intercorrelations matrix for all constructs.

	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	N	M(SD)
1.Parent enthusiasm T1	–	–	–	–	–	–	444	2.19(0.73)
2.Teacher enthusiasm T1	.20**	–	–	–	–	–	442	2.78(0.72
3.Intrinsic motivation T1	.32**	.36**	–	–	–	–	438	2.78(0.86)
4. Intrinsic motivation T2	.34**	.28**	.74**	–	–	–	378	2.87(0.84)
5. GPA T1	.07	.18**	.05	.04	–	–	337	3.03(0.71)
6. GPA T2	.14*	.30**	.40**	.36**	.42**	–	291	2.98(0.83)
7. SES	.35**	.11	.14*	.11*	.08	.07	368	2.60(0.84)

Note. T1 = Time 1 (the fall semester of the final year in high school), T2 = Time 2 (follow-up in the spring semester of the final year), SES = Socioeconomic status as measured by parents’ income ranging from 1 (low = 120,000 Swedish Kronor/year) to 4 (high = 400,000 Swedish Kronor/year), **indicates p <.01, *indicates p < .05.

Figure 1. Structural equation model representing the relation between teacher and parent enthusiasm, intrinsic motivation and change in GPA. STDYX values are reported with 95% confidence intervals. Note. T1 = Time 1 (the fall semester of the final year in high school).