Phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation of New Zealand bluebells (Wahlenbergia, Campanulaceae) based on analyses of AFLP data

Figures & data

Table 1  Voucher information for each of the 38 individuals of Wahlenbergia included in the AFLP study.

Tag name	Species	Collection details
W.akaroa1_SI^1	W. akaroa J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Banks Peninsula, Palm Gully. H.D. Wilson s.n. WELT
W.akaroa2_SI	W. akaroa J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Banks Peninsula, Palm Gully. H.D. Wilson s.n. WELT
W.albo_albo1_SI	W. albomarginata Hook. subsp. albomarginata	New Zealand, Southland, Garvie Mts. JMP 0990. WELT
W.albo_albo2_SI	W. albomarginata Hook. subsp. albomarginata	New Zealand, Mt Aspiring NP, Shotover Saddle. JMP 0987. WELT
W.albo_albo5_SI	W. albomarginata Hook. subsp. albomarginata	New Zealand, Marlborough, Rainbow/Molesworth boundary. B. Rodríguez 209d. WELT
W.albo_albo6_SI	W. albomarginata Hook. subsp. albomarginata	New Zealand, Nelson Lakes, Mt Robert. JMP 0983. WELT
W.albo_flex1_SI^1	W. albomarginata subsp. flexilis (Petrie) J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Marlborough, Flaxbourne River mouth. JMP 09118a. WELT
W.albo_flex2_SI	W. albomarginata subsp. flexilis (Petrie) J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Marlborough, Flaxbourne River mouth. JMP 09118b. WELT
W.albo_laxa1_SI	W. albomarginata subsp. laxa (G.Simpson) J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Cobb Valley, valley floor. JMP 0978. WELT
W.albo_oliv1_SI	W. albomarginata subsp. olivina J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Nelson area, Dun Mts. JMP 0973a. WELT
W.albo_oliv2_SI	W. albomarginata subsp. olivina J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Nelson area, Dun Mts. JMP 0973b. WELT
W.cartilaginea2_SI	W. cartilaginea Hook.f.	New Zealand, Marlborough, Island Saddle. JMP 09117b. WELT
W.ceracea3_NSW	W. ceracea Loth.	Australia, NSW, Kosciuszko NP, Rennix walk. JMP 0937d. WELT
W.cong_haas1_SI	W. congesta subsp. haastii J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, West Coast, Ship Ck. JMP 0986a. WELT
W.cong_haas2_SI	W. congesta subsp. haastii J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, West Coast, Ship Ck. JMP 0986b. WELT
W.gloriosa3_NSW	W. gloriosa Loth.	Australia, NSW, Tuross Falls Rd. JMP 0960a. WELT
W.gracilis2_NSW	W. gracilis (G.Forst.) A.DC.	Australia, NSW, Blue Mts. JMP 0901. WELT
W.littoricola1_NSW	W. littoricola P.J.Smith	Australia, NSW, Hartley Reserve. JMP 0905. WELT
W.matthewsii1_SI	W. matthewsii Cockayne	New Zealand, Marlborough, Woodside Ck. PGJ 2769a. WELT
W.matthewsii2_SI^1	W. matthewsii Cockayne	New Zealand, Marlborough, Woodside Ck. PGJ 2769b. WELT
W.pygm_druc1_NI	W. pygmaea subsp. drucei J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Mt Taranaki, Wilkies pools. JMP 09112. WELT
W.pygm_druc2_NI^1	W. pygmaea subsp. drucei J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Mt Taranaki, North Egmont Rd end. JMP 09107. WELT
W.pygm_pygm1_NI	W. pygmaea Colenso subsp. pygmaea	New Zealand, Central Plateau, Mt Ruapehu, Ohakune Rd. PGJ 2770a. WELT
W.pygm_pygm2_NI	W. pygmaea Colenso subsp. pygmaea	New Zealand, Central Plateau, Mt Ruapehu, Ohakune Rd. PGJ 2770b. WELT
W.pygm_tara1_NI	W. pygmaea subsp. tararua J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Tararua ranges, Mt Jumbo. JMP 09104a. WELT
W.pygm_tara2_NI	W. pygmaea subsp. tararua J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Tararua ranges, Mt Jumbo. JMP 09104b. WELT
W.ramosa2_NI	W. ramosa G.Simpson	New Zealand, Wellington, Pukerua Bay. JMP 09105b. WELT
W.ramosa4_NI	W. ramosa G.Simpson	New Zealand, Wellington, Pukerua Bay. JMP 09105a. WELT
W.rupestris1_NI	W. rupestris G.Simpson	New Zealand, Northern Wairarapa, Manawatu Gorge. JMP 0997. WELT
W.rupestris2_NI^1	W. rupestris G.Simpson	New Zealand, Wairarapa, Pahaoa Gorge. JMP 09101. WELT
W.rupicola2_NSW	W. rupicola G.T.Plunkett & J.J.Bruhl	Australia, NSW Cunnawarra NP, Beech lookout. G. Plunkett 23. NE
W.stricta3_NSW	W. stricta (R.Br.) Sweet	Australia, NSW, Herberton. I. Telford 2562. NE
W.telfordii1_NSW	W. telfordii G.T.Plunkett & J.J.Bruhl	Australia, NSW, New England NP, Berarngutta rest area. G. Plunkett 24. NE
	W. vernicosa J.A.Petterson	Chatham Islands. P. de Lange CH2031. AK
	W. vernicosa J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Waitakere Ranges, Piha. P. de Lange 7617. AK
W.vernicosa5_Raoul	W. vernicosa J.A.Petterson	Raoul Island. P. de Lange s.n. AK
W.violacea1_Chatham	W. violacea J.A.Petterson	Chatham Islands. P. de Lange CH2003. AK
W.violacea3_NI	W. violacea J.A.Petterson	New Zealand, Wairarapa, Pahaoa Gorge. JMP 09103. WELT
Note: Details of collection location, collector, collection number and herbarium where the voucher specimens are located are provided for each individual in alphabetical order by tag name. Tag names follow Prebble et al. (2012), herbarium abbreviations follow Index Herbariorum (http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp). JMP = Jessica Prebble, PGJ = Phil Garnock-Jones. ^1The six individuals used as replicates in the AFLP analyses.

Figure 1  Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree of Australasian Wahlenbergia based on the AFLP dataset. Numbers near branches are posterior probability (PP) values/ bootstrap (BS) values from the MP analysis. *Indicates support of less than 0.5 PP or 50% BS for that branch. See Table 1 for an explanation of the tag names and voucher information.

Figure 2  Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of Australasian Wahlenbergia AFLP data set showing three dimensions. Dimension one explains 9.4%, dimension two an additional 5.3% and dimension three a further 4.8%. Clusters found to be significant using PCO-MC are circled. Explanation of tag names and information on voucher specimens can be found in Table 1.

Table 2  Synthesis table, showing relationships found among samples of Australian and New Zealand Wahlenbergia for the same morphological species analysed in Prebble et al. (2011) and this study.

Morphology	cpDNA tree-building analyses	nrDNA tree-building analyses	AFLP tree-building analyses	AFLP PCoA analyses	Ecology	Chromosome number	Synthesis
New Zealand radicate
W. violacea	NO	NO	NO	NO	Lowland	2n=72
W. akaroa	UNRES	UNRES	YES	NO	Lowland	2n=72	Single species? = W. gracilis
W. ramosa	NO	NO	YES	YES	Lowland, coastal	2n=72
W. rupestris	NO	UNRES	NO	NO	Lowland, rivers	2n=72
W. vernicosa	YES^1	NO	YES-MP^1	NO	Lowland, coastal	2n=54	W. vernicosa
			NO-Bayes
New Zealand rhizomatous
W. matthewsii	YES	UNRES	YES	YES	Limestone	2n=36	W. matthewsii
W. albomarginata s.l.	NO	NO	NO	NO	Varied	2n=36
W. albomarginata subsp. albomarginata	NO	NO	NO	NO	Alpine	2n=36
W. albomarginata subsp. decora	?	?	?	?	Alpine	2n=36
W. albomarginata subsp. laxa	UNRES	?	?	?	Alpine	2n=36
W. albomarginata subsp. olivina	YES	NO	YES	NO	Ultramafic	2n=36	Single species? = W. albomarginata
W. albomarginata subsp. flexilis	UNRES	NO	YES	NO	Limestone	2n=36
W. pygmaea s.l.	NO	NO	NO	NO	Alpine	2n=36
W. pygmaea subsp. pygmaea	UNRES	YES	YES	NO	Alpine	2n=36
W. pygmaea subsp. drucei	UNRES	YES	YES	NO	Alpine	2n=36
W. pygmaea subsp. tararua	UNRES	UNRES	YES	YES	Alpine	2n=36
W. congesta subsp. haastii	YES	UNRES	YES	YES	Coastal	2n=36	W. congesta subsp. haastii
W. congesta subsp. congesta	?	?	?	?	Coastal	2n=36	?
W. cartilaginea	YES	YES	?	?	Scree	2n=36	W. cartilaginea
Australian radicate
W. stricta	NO	NO	?	?	Lowland	2n=18, 36	?
W. luteola	NO	NO	?	?	Lowland	2n=18, 36	?
W. communis	YES	YES	?	?	Lowland	2n=18, 36	W. communis
W. littoricola subsp. littoricola	NO	?	?	?	Lowland	2n=54, 72	?
W. planiflora	NO	NO	?	?	Lowland	2n=18, 36, 54	?
W. multicaulis	NO	NO	?	?	Lowland	2n=36, 54, 72	?
W. gracilis	NO	YES	?	?	Lowland	2n=54	?
W. telfordii	UNRES	YES	?	?	Lowland	?	W. telfordii
W. rupicola	YES	YES	?	?	Lowland	?	W. rupicola
Australian rhizomatous
W. ceracea	YES	YES	?	?	Alpine	2n=18	W. ceracea
W. gloriosa	NO	NO	?	?	Varied	2n=18	Single species?
W. densifolia	YES	NO	?	?	Alpine	2n=18
Note: For the tree-building analyses: YES, samples form a clade; NO, samples do not form a clade; UNRES, relationships are unresolved. For the PCoA PCO-MC analysis: YES, samples form a significant group; NO, samples do not form a significant group. Ecology and chromosome number information from Smith (1992), Petterson (1997a) and Plunkett et al. (2009). ^1Excluding sample from Raoul Island (W.vernicosa5_Raoul)

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