Emplacement, metamorphism, deformation and affiliation of mid-Cretaceous orthogneiss from the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex lower-plate, Charleston, New Zealand

Figures & data

Table 1  Key characteristics of relevant granitoid suites (Kimbrough et al. 1994; Muir et al. 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998; Waight et al. 1997, 1998; Ireland & Gibson 1998; Tulloch & Kimbrough 2003; Bolhar et al. 2008; Scott & Palin 2008). Bracketed ages indicate single plutons that are older or younger than most of those comprising a particular suite.

Suite	Age (Ma)	Geochemistry
Rahu Suite	(119) 116–106	SiO2≤78 wt%, moderate Sr/Y (<40–200), low Al2O3 and Na2O3, high K2O, flat HREE, Eu anomalies
Separation Point Suite	126–109 (105)	SiO2≤72 wt%, 40< Sr/Y< 700 >40 (HiSY), high Al2O3 and Na2O3, low K2O and Rb, depleted HREE, lacks Eu anomalies

Figure 1  A, Simplified geological map of the Charleston area. B, Photo and digitised field sketch illustrating the intrusive relations between the Doctor Bay dike and Charleston Orthogneiss (this study; Nathan 1975; Kimbrough & Tulloch 1989; Nathan et al. 2002). The diagonal dashed lines on the digitised sketch (B) represent the foliation.

Table 2  Details of the samples reported in this paper. Eastings and northings are in the NZTM coordinate system. Sample number prefix OU indicates the samples are held in the University of Otago, Department of Geology collection.

Sample #	Unit	Easting	Northing	Description of locality
OU80006	Charleston Orthogneiss (granite)	1471154	5361054	Outcrops in the surf zone at the north end of Little Beach
OU80007	Doctor Bay dike	1469681	5359527	Sea cliffs immediately south of Doctor Bay

Figure 2  Charleston Orthogneiss granite (OU80006) zircons. A, CL images. B, C, Probability density plots. D, E, Tera-Wasserburg concordia age diagrams of ²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb* (* indicates correction for common Pb). The laser pits visible in the CL image are located by the white and black circles (I & G '98: Ireland & Gibson 1998).

Table 3  U-Th-Pb isotope data for Charleston Orthogneiss (granite) zircon analyses. Pb*: radiogenic component only; italicised dates are those pooled for the metamorphic age; bold italicised dates are those giving the emplacement age.

				Measured isotope ratios and 1-σ internal errors (%)								Corrected ages and 1-σ absolute internal errors (Ma)									Corrected ages and 1-σ absolute internal errors (Ma)
Spot #	Pb* (ppm)	U (ppm)	Atomic Th/U	^206Pb ^238U	±	^207Pb ^235U	±	^207Pb ^206Pb	±	^208Pb ^232Th	±	^206Pb* ^238U	±	^207Pb* ^235U	±	^207Pb* ^206U*	±	^206Pb*/^238U ^207Pb*/^235U concordance (%)	% common ^206Pb	Spot MSWD	Age	Error
49	43.09	3812	0.05	0.01047	2.6	0.2238	4.4	0.1551	3.6	0.09013	10.9	57.4	1.6	25.1	19.1	0.0	0.0	228	16.00	2.82	57	± 2
01	38.10	3394	0.06	0.01128	1.7	0.2225	4.3	0.1431	3.9	0.04497	5.5	65.0	1.1	79.0	11.7	536.1	63.9	82	10.58	4.49	65	± 2
27	58.92	4245	0.05	0.01354	1.6	0.4297	4.4	0.2301	4.1	0.11081	5.1	68.8	1.2	97.6	20.7	865.5	128.8	70	20.44	1.82	69	± 2
29	58.69	3806	0.11	0.01495	1.4	0.4211	3.7	0.2042	3.4	0.05378	3.4	79.0	1.2	106.8	16.6	780.7	88.7	74	17.45	2.73	79	± 2
23	7.95	592	0.09	0.01388	4.2	0.0997	35.9	0.0521	35.6	0.01144	18.3	88.2	3.8	85.0	37.2	9.2	4.1	104	0.75	5.00	88	± 4
10	13.57	988	0.19	0.01423	2.8	0.0972	6.2	0.0495	5.5	0.00534	5.9	90.4	2.6	84.8	12.0	1.5	0.2	107	0.60	1.94	90	± 3
49	35.57	2266	0.20	0.01553	1.8	0.1887	3.4	0.0881	2.9	0.01375	3.9	93.8	1.7	80.5	7.9	0.3	0.0	117	5.75	3.69	94	± 2
04	23.10	1566	0.05	0.01594	1.5	0.1204	5.2	0.0548	5.0	0.00721	13.4	101.7	1.5	111.7	6.0	330.7	15.4	91	0.21	2.01	102	± 3
43	27.58	1560	0.15	0.01673	2.8	0.1995	13.2	0.0865	12.9	0.02544	21.9	102.0	2.9	95.9	29.9	2.5	0.8	106	5.04	4.67	102	± 3
34	35.14	2121	0.12	0.01697	1.1	0.1816	4.4	0.0776	4.3	0.01685	6.3	103.8	1.2	96.7	9.7	1.4	0.1	107	4.04	1.94	104	± 2
10	2.81	144	0.97	0.01667	3.0	0.1423	10.4	0.0619	9.9	0.00537	5.0	104.9	3.4	111.9	25.4	256.6	53.8	94	1.30	1.53	105	± 4
35	7.60	458	0.27	0.01670	1.9	0.1399	7.9	0.0608	7.6	0.00654	6.3	106.0	2.1	115.8	11.7	326.6	29.5	92	0.96	1.21	106	± 3
16	11.09	666	0.23	0.01691	2.1	0.1263	7.7	0.0542	7.4	0.00702	5.6	107.1	2.3	106.8	11.9	96.8	10.7	100	0.76	1.61	107	± 3
41	15.62	969	0.16	0.01686	2.3	0.1379	9.3	0.0593	9.0	0.00666	8.2	107.2	2.5	121.2	12.6	405.1	36.1	88	0.55	5.00	107	± 3
42	11.89	724	0.20	0.01694	3.6	0.1408	13.6	0.0603	13.1	0.00665	9.2	107.6	3.9	122.4	18.7	419.2	54.3	88	0.63	2.43	108	± 4
12	14.06	852	0.19	0.01713	1.8	0.1236	8.6	0.0523	8.4	0.00579	6.4	109.5	1.9	117.2	10.3	278.3	22.2	93	0.06	1.61	109	± 3
39	25.10	1500	0.06	0.01756	1.2	0.1587	4.0	0.0655	3.8	0.02107	9.2	109.9	1.3	107.2	6.4	53.3	3.2	103	2.26	5.00	110	± 2
04	26.08	1563	0.15	0.01753	0.9	0.1133	3.0	0.0469	2.8	0.00617	4.1	111.7	1.1	104.5	3.7	1.9	0.1	107	0.24	1.42	112	± 2
30	27.44	1493	0.25	0.01821	1.4	0.1999	6.6	0.0796	6.4	0.01126	4.9	112.3	1.6	118.9	12.8	251.3	25.2	94	3.49	2.10	112	± 3
47	45.37	2368	0.16	0.01866	1.1	0.1976	5.2	0.0768	5.1	0.02059	10.6	114.4	1.3	104.7	12.7	1.0	0.1	109	4.00	2.07	114	± 2
18	6.82	362	0.49	0.01806	1.5	0.1291	6.6	0.0518	6.4	0.00571	3.3	115.1	1.8	120.3	9.2	222.5	16.0	96	0.15	5.00	115	± 3
03	12.05	652	0.44	0.01797	1.2	0.1255	5.2	0.0506	5.0	0.00534	2.9	115.2	1.4	127.5	7.1	362.4	17.6	90	−0.39	5.00	115	± 3
36	24.55	1375	0.23	0.01828	1.4	0.1373	5.0	0.0545	4.8	0.00672	4.0	116.1	1.6	119.3	7.5	183.0	11.0	97	0.58	1.95	116	± 3
27	37.40	2151	0.13	0.01827	1.8	0.1131	6.6	0.0449	6.3	0.00755	7.3	116.2	2.1	97.8	7.9	0.3	0.0	119	0.55	2.00	116	± 3
45	33.83	1809	0.21	0.01877	1.2	0.1613	4.3	0.0623	4.1	0.01184	5.1	116.2	1.5	89.9	9.3	0.1	0.0	129	3.07	1.16	116	± 3
37	33.21	1910	0.08	0.01852	1.0	0.1404	3.8	0.0550	3.6	0.01028	4.7	117.2	1.2	115.0	5.1	71.5	3.2	102	0.93	1.99	117	± 2
29	35.29	1967	0.10	0.01877	2.5	0.1696	6.1	0.0655	5.5	0.01444	6.5	117.4	2.9	117.1	9.9	113.4	9.2	100	2.11	2.88	117	± 4
41	18.42	988	0.41	0.01831	2.3	0.1155	8.9	0.0457	8.6	0.00526	7.0	117.7	2.7	123.8	11.9	242.6	21.4	95	−0.65	1.60	118	± 3
24	22.13	1183	0.22	0.01893	2.0	0.1614	6.4	0.0619	6.1	0.00995	5.7	118.2	2.4	106.2	11.5	0.7	0.1	111	2.27	1.57	118	± 3
44	23.79	1272	0.28	0.01876	1.6	0.1443	7.3	0.0558	7.2	0.00732	5.8	119.0	1.9	124.0	13.2	219.0	22.1	96	0.65	2.09	119	± 3
38	28.86	1543	0.23	0.01881	1.1	0.1650	3.6	0.0636	3.4	0.00905	7.1	119.3	1.4	140.3	7.4	513.2	22.3	85	0.75	1.87	119	± 3
35	11.13	590	0.30	0.01889	2.9	0.1369	7.1	0.0526	6.5	0.00661	8.4	119.8	3.5	118.5	12.7	91.2	9.5	101	0.58	1.48	120	± 4
42	22.10	1224	0.18	0.01881	2.3	0.1233	8.5	0.0475	8.2	0.00630	6.5	119.9	2.7	114.5	10.4	12.3	1.1	105	0.18	2.20	120	± 3
07	18.49	1007	0.32	0.01867	1.7	0.1777	5.2	0.0690	4.9	0.00509	7.0	120.4	2.1	179.3	9.8	1054.8	37.4	67	−0.69	1.47	120	± 3
48	7.27	367	0.50	0.01887	1.9	0.1305	7.8	0.0502	7.6	0.00606	4.9	120.6	2.3	118.7	12.8	90.0	9.7	102	0.29	1.41	121	± 3
21	23.54	1289	0.20	0.01895	1.5	0.1385	7.1	0.0530	7.0	0.00601	3.9	120.9	1.8	131.1	9.3	318.1	20.3	92	0.03	5.00	121	± 3
16	9.23	459	0.52	0.01909	2.0	0.1253	7.4	0.0476	7.2	0.00590	4.4	121.8	2.4	121.3	12.4	109.2	11.0	100	−0.07	1.84	122	± 3
01	21.51	1131	0.34	0.01903	1.1	0.1422	3.8	0.0542	3.7	0.00550	3.0	122.0	1.4	145.7	6.1	547.2	18.4	84	−0.53	1.65	122	± 3
26	13.35	697	0.23	0.01941	2.3	0.1534	13.4	0.0573	13.2	0.00885	8.9	122.1	2.8	112.6	21.3	1.4	0.3	108	1.56	0.99	122	± 4
46	8.89	443	0.40	0.01972	4.9	0.1165	32.2	0.0428	31.8	0.00594	13.6	126.6	6.2	112.8	40.1	0.7	0.2	112	−0.04	1.19	127	± 7
43	16.56	820	0.35	0.01996	1.7	0.1267	8.5	0.0460	8.3	0.00669	5.7	127.0	2.2	114.2	12.5	0.8	0.1	111	0.32	1.30	127	± 3
28	13.72	669	0.15	0.02100	4.1	0.1897	18.8	0.0655	18.4	0.01510	13.1	130.2	5.3	116.2	33.9	0.7	0.2	112	2.73	1.48	130	± 6
12	12.28	604	0.37	0.02035	1.4	0.1544	5.2	0.0550	5.0	0.00517	4.7	131.1	1.8	170.3	8.3	752.4	27.1	77	−1.16	1.98	131	± 3
23	2.14	89	0.71	0.02207	6.5	0.3523	18.1	0.1157	16.9	0.00825	14.3	136.6	9.1	243.2	63.3	1462.4	220.7	56	3.10	5.00	137	± 9
07	16.32	789	0.22	0.02143	1.3	0.1590	4.7	0.0538	4.5	0.00607	4.5	137.1	1.8	158.8	7.2	494.0	18.5	86	−0.40	2.09	137	± 3
06	13.30	602	0.48	0.02144	1.2	0.1723	5.2	0.0583	5.0	0.00615	4.0	137.1	1.9	172.2	14.8	681.2	45.8	80	−0.49	1.81	137	± 3
21	21.16	966	0.14	0.02308	2.0	0.1776	8.7	0.0558	8.4	0.00832	13.9	146.8	3.0	158.6	16.3	341.3	31.6	93	0.31	0.85	147	± 4
33	15.11	450	0.42	0.03334	1.7	0.2785	6.0	0.0606	5.7	0.00763	5.4	216.0	3.7	312.6	15.1	1117.4	36.2	69	−2.05	5.00	216	± 5
13	28.54	832	0.21	0.03490	2.6	0.2865	7.2	0.0595	6.8	0.01616	6.9	217.6	5.6	205.7	18.8	69.4	6.6	106	1.48	3.17	218	± 7
32	11.11	223	0.20	0.04983	2.5	0.5136	10.4	0.0748	10.1	0.03437	5.4	302.4	7.4	263.1	44.6	1.5	0.3	115	3.62	1.77	302	± 9
46	11.53	224	0.49	0.04896	2.4	0.4018	7.2	0.0595	6.8	0.01664	5.1	306.1	7.2	312.4	29.1	359.8	32.0	98	0.70	2.20	306	± 9
14	61.97	1160	0.48	0.05124	1.3	0.3714	3.8	0.0526	3.5	0.01540	2.8	322.3	4.2	333.2	15.8	404.9	18.0	97	−0.27	3.80	322	± 8
31	17.85	357	0.17	0.05180	1.8	0.4238	5.7	0.0593	5.4	0.02020	5.8	324.6	5.6	339.2	21.6	443.5	26.1	96	0.43	5.00	325	± 8
17	57.53	1162	0.02	0.05398	1.0	0.4271	3.5	0.0574	3.3	0.01405	7.6	339.1	3.4	363.7	10.6	523.7	13.6	93	−0.06	2.27	339	± 8
28	22.55	411	0.22	0.05556	2.5	0.3707	8.8	0.0484	8.4	0.02306	7.3	344.8	8.3	266.3	30.3	0.3	0.0	129	1.05	2.71	345	± 10
32	7.54	126	0.37	0.05726	2.6	0.5758	10.0	0.0729	9.6	0.02854	6.2	349.0	9.1	296.1	50.4	1.3	0.2	118	3.42	1.26	349	± 11
13	60.82	1066	0.37	0.05629	0.9	0.4256	1.9	0.0548	1.7	0.01667	2.2	353.6	3.1	377.0	9.8	519.3	12.1	94	−0.35	2.98	354	± 8
02	20.50	274	0.91	0.06227	1.9	0.5748	5.7	0.0670	5.4	0.02520	2.0	369.3	7.9	198.3	70.3	0.0	0.0	186	4.75	2.41	369	± 11
17	44.15	807	0.05	0.05916	1.5	0.4361	6.3	0.0535	6.1	0.01277	12.3	371.5	5.4	381.4	19.4	441.8	21.2	97	−0.28	1.90	371	± 9
11	36.01	629	0.06	0.06159	0.9	0.4669	2.8	0.0550	2.6	0.02002	4.5	385.1	3.3	387.4	9.1	401.0	8.9	99	0.03	2.41	385	± 8
08	48.41	795	0.24	0.06223	0.8	0.5030	2.0	0.0586	1.9	0.01951	2.3	388.9	3.1	413.9	8.2	553.9	9.7	94	0.00	2.90	389	± 8
15	11.04	170	0.37	0.06464	1.3	0.5275	5.3	0.0592	5.1	0.01715	3.6	406.8	5.3	474.5	20.5	814.5	29.4	86	−0.87	1.90	407	± 10
02	39.81	390	1.85	0.07174	1.3	0.7868	5.6	0.0795	5.4	0.02381	2.2	430.1	6.6	455.2	62.1	554.7	72.0	94	2.53	3.70	430	± 11
40	8.95	88	0.88	0.08555	2.3	0.8723	7.7	0.0740	7.4	0.03279	3.8	515.3	12.1	442.8	72.9	91.7	17.7	116	3.10	2.40	515	± 15
20	30.28	339	0.29	0.08777	5.6	1.0165	6.0	0.0840	2.3	0.04612	3.5	524.2	28.1	513.0	37.8	460.0	27.9	102	3.33	109.93	524	± 30
22	32.06	250	0.09	0.13122	2.3	1.3537	6.5	0.0748	6.1	0.12510	8.5	779.1	17.3	695.5	48.9	437.4	33.5	112	2.25	2.11	779	± 22
05	64.67	367	2.21	0.11877	1.3	1.1635	2.8	0.0710	2.5	0.02686	6.5	824.8	27.9	1502.4	111.6	2655.0	129.5	55	−14.90	7.47	825	± 32
50	70.34	544	0.16	0.13570	2.4	2.0163	3.5	0.1078	2.6	0.03286	6.4	824.9	18.5	1153.2	25.4	1837.1	23.8	72	−0.57	8.02	825	± 24
05	53.90	363	0.62	0.13674	1.0	1.3540	2.5	0.0718	2.3	0.03931	2.0	829.0	7.9	913.6	23.4	1118.9	25.5	91	−0.61	2.60	829	± 19
09	22.77	128	0.43	0.17115	1.3	1.7919	3.3	0.0759	3.0	0.04618	2.9	1024.1	12.3	1093.4	24.8	1233.2	24.8	94	−0.66	2.85	1024	± 24
22	145.99	647	0.54	0.20973	1.3	2.7839	2.2	0.0963	1.7	0.06306	2.5	1226.9	15.2	1346.2	23.5	1541.7	22.5	91	0.07	5.87	1227	± 27
19	205.60	645	0.41	0.30277	0.7	5.5938	1.0	0.1340	0.7	0.08869	1.3	1701.8	11.1	1912.1	10.0	2145.6	8.0	89	0.05	7.88	1702	± 36

Figure 3  Atomic Th/U, present-day U, and Th plotted against ²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb* age of zircon from the Charleston Orthogneiss granite (OU80006). A, Atomic Th/U. B, Present-day U. C, Th (* indicates correction for common Pb).

Figure 4  Doctor Bay dike (OU80007) zircons. A, CL images. B, D, Probability density plots. C, Tera-Wasserburg concordia age diagram (* indicates correction for common Pb). The laser pits visible in the CL image are located by the white and black circles.

Figure 5  Atomic Th/U and present-day U content against ²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb* age of DBD (OU80007) zircon. A, Atomic Th/U. B, present-day U. There is a large range in both Th/U ratios and U content (* indicates correction for common Pb).

Table 4  U-Th-Pb isotope data for DBD zircon analyses. Pb*: radiogenic component only; bold italicised dates are those considered for the age.

				Measured isotope ratios and 1-σ internal errors (%)								Corrected ages and 1-σ absolute internal errors (Ma)									Corrected ages and 1-σ absolute internal errors (Ma)
Spot #	Pb* (ppm)	U (ppm)	Atomic Th/U	^206Pb ^238U	±	^207Pb ^235U	±	^207Pb ^206Pb	±	^208Pb ^232Th	±	^206Pb* ^238U	±	^207Pb* ^235U	±	^207Pb* ^206Pb*	±	^206Pb*/^238U ^207Pb*/^235U concordance (%)	% common ^206Pb	Spot MSWD	Age	Error
22	6.21	413	0.21	0.01463	6.1	0.1238	27.3	0.0614	26.6	0.01140	19.9	91.7	5.7	77.8	39.7	0.3	0.1	118	2.54	5.00	92	±6
21	4.07	240	0.25	0.01612	5.4	0.2972	17.8	0.1337	17.0	0.01970	12.9	91.9	5.9	83.9	73.1	0.8	0.7	110	11.01	5.00	92	±6
49	59.26	4145	0.19	0.01476	2.5	0.1211	6.4	0.0595	5.9	0.00611	3.8	93.6	2.4	100.3	7.8	262.8	18.0	93	0.99	5.19	94	±3
32	6.15	437	0.04	0.01519	2.2	0.1070	9.3	0.0511	9.1	0.01037	12.5	96.6	2.1	91.8	9.6	3.5	0.4	105	0.69	5.00	97	±3
34	50.79	3417	0.06	0.01558	1.3	0.1564	3.0	0.0728	2.7	0.02311	7.1	97.1	1.3	103.7	4.8	258.9	10.7	94	2.63	4.16	97	±2
28	7.81	489	0.20	0.01601	3.8	0.2270	15.5	0.1028	15.0	0.01322	8.8	97.5	3.7	125.9	32.7	706.3	139.0	77	4.98	1.82	97	±4
40	46.33	3074	0.02	0.01617	1.2	0.1526	4.0	0.0685	3.8	0.05146	8.4	101.3	1.2	106.0	6.4	217.9	12.2	95	2.21	2.51	101	±2
04	12.90	812	0.28	0.01606	1.7	0.1155	4.8	0.0521	4.5	0.00554	5.1	102.3	1.8	104.1	8.9	143.6	11.8	98	0.40	1.56	102	±3
33	14.25	936	0.03	0.01630	1.5	0.1314	5.5	0.0585	5.3	0.02720	6.7	102.4	1.5	96.0	7.0	1.8	0.1	107	1.66	5.00	102	±2
31	14.53	954	0.11	0.01611	1.1	0.1040	5.9	0.0468	5.8	0.00634	6.8	102.7	1.1	94.1	6.3	0.9	0.1	109	0.36	5.00	103	±2
18	16.15	1093	0.02	0.01619	2.8	0.1110	7.1	0.0497	6.5	0.00715	19.6	103.4	2.9	104.6	7.3	131.3	8.4	99	0.13	5.00	103	±4
44	39.49	2653	0.02	0.01627	0.9	0.1061	3.2	0.0473	3.0	0.00553	10.2	104.0	1.0	102.0	3.2	57.9	1.8	102	0.02	5.00	104	±2
27	12.97	765	0.25	0.01699	2.3	0.1839	7.9	0.0785	7.6	0.00918	5.6	105.5	2.4	119.0	15.5	398.4	44.9	89	2.95	1.88	106	±3
29	25.49	1632	0.04	0.01672	1.0	0.1348	3.8	0.0584	3.7	0.01559	6.9	105.9	1.1	110.3	4.9	206.5	8.6	96	1.01	5.00	106	±2
24	54.93	3428	0.08	0.01707	1.4	0.1362	3.4	0.0579	3.1	0.01037	3.5	107.9	1.5	109.3	4.3	140.2	5.2	99	1.11	3.96	108	±2
08	59.85	3848	0.02	0.01697	0.7	0.1191	2.6	0.0509	2.5	0.01282	4.8	108.0	0.7	107.3	2.9	91.8	2.4	101	0.38	1.69	108	±2
14	12.44	788	0.04	0.01705	1.8	0.1222	9.2	0.0520	9.1	0.01060	10.8	108.3	1.9	104.9	10.6	33.4	3.4	103	0.66	5.00	108	±3
42	13.88	842	0.21	0.01709	2.1	0.1348	8.8	0.0572	8.6	0.00544	7.6	109.2	2.3	128.2	12.2	496.8	39.0	85	0.01	1.16	109	±3
21	4.91	211	0.84	0.01989	4.1	0.4140	13.0	0.1509	12.3	0.01156	5.8	109.8	5.3	94.8	65.3	0.3	0.2	116	13.34	0.77	110	±6
45	50.51	3135	0.04	0.01742	1.6	0.1398	7.8	0.0582	7.6	0.01113	10.6	110.6	1.7	121.7	9.9	343.8	24.9	91	0.60	1.19	111	±3
28	6.27	331	0.08	0.01902	2.4	0.2981	7.0	0.1136	6.6	0.04616	7.7	112.1	2.7	117.8	20.7	233.8	38.6	95	7.72	1.07	112	±3
41	32.18	1997	0.02	0.01762	1.4	0.1108	5.5	0.0456	5.3	0.00876	13.5	112.5	1.6	104.7	5.6	1.6	0.1	107	0.10	5.00	112	±3
04	12.06	653	0.50	0.01766	1.2	0.1165	6.9	0.0478	6.8	0.00525	3.1	113.3	1.4	122.6	9.0	304.0	20.1	92	-0.57	5.00	113	±3
10	5.01	240	0.48	0.01914	2.4	0.3246	8.5	0.1230	8.2	0.01228	9.3	113.7	2.9	162.7	29.0	944.2	117.6	70	6.61	5.00	114	±4
18	16.42	1001	0.01	0.01792	1.6	0.1088	5.9	0.0440	5.7	0.01876	12.1	114.1	1.8	98.8	6.0	0.4	0.0	116	0.31	5.00	114	±3
40	54.33	3190	0.02	0.01833	1.4	0.1339	4.1	0.0530	3.9	0.03141	8.9	115.4	1.6	97.9	5.9	0.4	0.0	118	1.49	1.79	115	±3
22	18.39	951	0.40	0.01853	2.2	0.1503	9.7	0.0588	9.5	0.00811	6.6	115.6	2.6	95.0	17.2	0.2	0.0	122	2.36	1.32	116	±3
47	55.30	3185	0.07	0.01856	1.2	0.1354	3.5	0.0529	3.3	0.01010	8.4	117.9	1.5	117.5	5.2	110.5	4.8	100	0.57	2.37	118	±3
39	21.73	1178	0.03	0.01926	1.7	0.2061	5.1	0.0776	4.8	0.07690	9.8	118.2	2.1	104.3	12.3	0.5	0.1	113	4.26	1.91	118	±3
14	10.81	597	0.08	0.01936	1.3	0.1406	5.1	0.0527	5.0	0.00923	6.1	122.9	1.6	120.5	6.9	75.9	4.3	102	0.63	1.43	123	±3
46	42.07	2314	0.06	0.01955	2.0	0.1251	10.5	0.0464	10.3	0.00927	16.8	124.4	2.5	113.4	12.2	1.0	0.1	110	0.30	1.76	124	±3
36	43.06	2237	0.02	0.02067	1.4	0.1296	5.5	0.0455	5.3	0.03601	17.1	130.2	1.8	89.0	10.1	0.1	0.0	146	1.54	0.49	130	±3
22	5.19	223	0.62	0.02166	2.9	0.2044	11.8	0.0685	11.4	0.00709	6.7	137.0	4.2	170.2	28.9	661.0	88.4	81	0.85	5.00	137	±5
50	26.60	1026	0.04	0.02796	5.5	0.2276	9.7	0.0591	8.0	0.02636	16.1	175.8	9.5	174.6	19.5	160.6	16.1	101	1.20	5.00	176	±10
39	24.22	925	0.03	0.02810	2.3	0.2177	7.0	0.0562	6.6	0.04159	5.2	175.8	4.0	154.0	13.4	0.6	0.1	114	1.60	5.00	176	±5
37	22.78	712	0.03	0.03451	3.6	0.2750	5.4	0.0578	4.0	0.02907	9.5	217.3	7.7	222.4	11.8	277.7	11.4	98	0.73	5.00	217	±9
36	48.46	1211	0.03	0.04298	1.4	0.3558	3.5	0.0600	3.2	0.04746	4.8	268.2	3.7	262.8	10.0	215.3	7.9	102	1.17	4.60	268	±6
16	13.35	303	0.34	0.04353	1.5	0.3274	5.5	0.0545	5.3	0.01512	4.1	273.0	4.1	267.5	23.3	217.0	19.1	102	0.50	1.83	273	±7
23	43.99	1000	0.16	0.04480	2.2	0.4601	10.4	0.0745	10.2	0.03160	7.8	274.1	5.8	263.4	39.4	169.7	26.3	104	3.04	0.93	274	±8
48	26.85	607	0.14	0.04621	1.8	0.3217	6.3	0.0505	6.0	0.01790	5.3	289.7	5.1	260.3	17.1	12.7	0.9	111	0.53	2.25	290	±7
13	8.66	181	0.29	0.04787	1.3	0.3534	5.0	0.0535	4.8	0.01634	3.6	300.1	3.9	290.2	16.3	210.5	12.0	103	0.39	1.63	300	±7
35	35.07	684	0.03	0.05507	1.0	0.4615	3.2	0.0608	3.0	0.05250	5.1	342.6	3.3	342.4	10.9	342.0	10.5	100	0.91	2.30	343	±7
03	11.66	211	0.35	0.05509	1.5	0.4383	5.2	0.0577	5.0	0.01601	3.5	346.8	5.1	386.7	19.2	632.2	27.2	90	-0.38	5.00	347	±9
50	47.61	919	0.02	0.05619	1.3	0.4121	3.9	0.0532	3.7	0.03326	9.4	351.2	4.4	333.2	12.2	210.0	7.8	105	0.35	1.94	351	±8
26	44.64	766	0.36	0.05699	1.2	0.5364	2.9	0.0683	2.6	0.02239	3.0	352.5	4.1	362.5	15.0	431.4	16.8	97	1.55	3.01	352	±7
25	27.63	490	0.14	0.05749	1.4	0.6045	4.8	0.0763	4.6	0.04187	9.5	352.8	4.9	372.8	24.3	502.4	30.4	95	2.31	1.57	353	±8
23	56.56	930	0.43	0.05845	2.0	0.4873	4.9	0.0605	4.4	0.02093	3.7	362.7	7.1	353.6	25.4	294.8	21.2	103	1.00	3.02	363	±10
02	16.14	275	0.33	0.05833	0.9	0.4415	3.7	0.0549	3.6	0.01875	2.7	364.5	3.3	363.4	13.6	354.2	13.0	100	0.16	1.38	364	±8
43	6.81	104	0.65	0.05936	2.2	0.4951	9.2	0.0605	8.9	0.02177	4.5	364.9	8.2	283.3	50.9	0.3	0.0	129	2.40	1.82	365	±10
30	26.71	470	0.17	0.05887	1.4	0.5268	4.7	0.0649	4.5	0.02251	5.5	366.9	5.1	408.0	19.3	646.4	26.6	90	0.45	5.00	367	±8
25	39.02	650	0.25	0.06027	1.8	0.5456	4.7	0.0656	4.4	0.02594	5.2	371.9	6.6	366.7	24.6	335.5	22.3	101	1.51	2.90	372	±9
19	17.49	270	0.51	0.06187	1.6	0.4881	4.3	0.0572	4.0	0.01711	2.6	389.8	6.1	448.6	19.5	759.4	27.4	87	−0.89	3.94	390	±10
07	47.52	783	0.19	0.06249	1.5	0.4790	2.7	0.0556	2.2	0.02063	7.3	391.3	5.6	409.5	11.7	511.6	12.6	96	−0.23	9.67	391	±10
15	34.48	559	0.26	0.06292	1.5	0.5037	4.8	0.0581	4.6	0.01744	4.8	394.6	5.7	439.7	22.0	679.1	29.6	90	−0.50	2.20	395	±10
01	8.78	132	0.50	0.06354	1.3	0.5038	5.5	0.0575	5.4	0.01774	3.0	400.6	5.1	457.5	22.3	755.4	31.5	88	−0.85	1.36	401	±10
09	24.66	334	0.33	0.07519	1.0	0.6265	3.4	0.0604	3.3	0.02304	2.9	466.7	4.5	500.6	18.8	653.1	22.4	93	−0.12	1.72	467	±10
20	22.17	280	0.20	0.08050	2.2	0.6305	6.2	0.0568	5.9	0.03433	3.6	493.8	10.3	422.0	28.8	50.4	4.0	117	1.17	3.21	494	±14
15	61.16	766	0.24	0.08082	2.0	0.7074	3.6	0.0635	3.0	0.03042	3.7	496.9	9.6	497.1	28.4	496.0	27.2	100	0.77	8.32	497	±14
38	6.06	69	0.22	0.08917	2.2	0.8629	8.0	0.0702	7.7	0.03470	6.6	546.1	11.7	574.6	43.0	690.6	47.8	95	0.93	1.40	546	±15
11	10.93	112	0.54	0.09197	1.4	0.7597	5.6	0.0599	5.4	0.02524	2.4	571.6	7.8	632.0	28.1	852.4	33.4	90	−0.91	5.00	572	±14
05	34.77	378	0.30	0.09457	0.9	0.8716	3.0	0.0668	2.8	0.03455	2.6	577.1	5.0	580.6	19.1	591.9	18.9	99	0.86	1.23	577	±13
06	28.62	282	0.28	0.10215	1.0	0.8579	2.7	0.0609	2.6	0.03076	2.6	627.3	6.1	633.9	15.7	656.9	15.3	99	−0.07	2.72	627	±14
17	105.20	653	0.30	0.16043	0.9	1.6909	1.4	0.0764	1.1	0.04378	1.8	962.9	8.1	1042.8	14.7	1212.5	14.7	92	−0.50	6.96	963	±21
12	46.32	212	1.17	0.17471	1.2	1.9078	2.5	0.0792	2.2	0.05433	2.2	1031.6	14.4	1057.5	70.3	1104.6	71.3	98	0.33	4.36	1032	±25

Figure 6  Whole-rock Harker and REE diagrams for the Charleston Orthogneiss (OU80006) and DBD (OU80007) compared to Cretaceous granitoids west of the Alpine Fault. A, Whole-rock Al₂O₃-SiO₂. B, Whole-rock Na₂O-K₂O. C, Whole-rock Sr/Y-Y. D, REE diagram (K & T '89: Kimbrough & Tulloch 1989). (Data sources: White 1987; Kimbrough & Tulloch 1989; Graham & White 1990; Muir et al. 1995, 1997; Waight et al. 1998; Tulloch & Kimbrough 2003).

Table 5  Typical major (wt%) and trace (ppm) element composition of the Charleston Orthogneiss (granite) at Little Beach (OU80006) and DBD (OU80007) (ND: not determined). Subscript average indicates the value given is an average of multiple isotopes of that species.

Wt%	Charleston Orthogneiss granite (OU80006)	Doctor Bay dike (OU80007)
SiO2	71.97	74.24
TiO2	0.26	0.08
Al2O3	15.11	14.55
Fe2O3 ^t	2.56	0.80
MnO	0.06	0.02
MgO	0.87	0.27
CaO	2.96	1.66
Na2O	3.14	2.36
K2O	2.02	5.65
P2O5	0.13	0.11
LOI	ND	ND
Total	99.07	99.74
ASI	1.19	1.12
ppm	Charleston Orthogneiss granite (OU80006)	Doctor Bay dike (OU80007)
Sc	4.72	1.87
V	37.56	16.78
Craverage	27.77	24.56
Co	36.90	55.34
Ni	37	847
Cu	52.92	28.23
Zn	92.41	82.88
Ga	26.60	26.16
Ge	2.93	3.54
As	3.34	3.38
Rb	68	116
Sr	595	509
Y	15.80	7.44
Zraverage	136	48
Nb	8.71	2.28
Mo	0.63	0.93
Sb	1.51	0.42
Cd	0.30	3.36
Cs	2.39	1.49
Ba	465	1394
La	47.30	18.24
Ce	82	27
Pr	9.27	3.25
Nd	33.74	10.86
Sm	6.32	2.44
Eu	1.33	1.19
Gd	4.47	1.52
Tb	0.67	0.38
Dy	3.25	1.40
Ho	0.59	0.37
Er	1.42	0.76
Tm	0.28	0.20
Yb	1.43	0.67
Lu	0.32	0.24
Hf	3.87	1.31
Ta	0.55	0.19
W	89	124
^208Pb	26	79
Th	17.69	6.78
U	2.79	1.64

Figure A1  Depth profile of Charleston Orthogneiss spot #16 illustrating correlation between changes in geochemistry and age within a single grain, which is interpreted to indicate zoning.

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