Cladistic methods as a tool for terrane analysis: a New Zealand example

Figures & data

Figure 1. Locality Map showing New Zealand basement terranes.

Table 1. Names and descriptions of tectonostratigraphic terranes used in the analysis. Age and regions from New Zealand Stratigraphic Lexicon http://data.gns.cri.nz/stratlex/search.jsp (Accessed 14 September 2017).

Province (code)	Terrane name (code)	Age	Region/remarks	References
Eastern Province	Waipapa Terrane (1)	Tr-J	Northern and central North Island	Leverenz and Balance (2001), Kear and Mortimer (2003), Adams et al. (2007), Jiao et al. (2014)
	Kaweka Terrane (2)	J-K	Rotorua, Kaimanua, Wanganui	Adams et al. (2009), Jiao et al. 2014
	Pahau Terrane North (3n)		Hawkes Bay, Wairarapa
	Pahau Terrane South (3s)	C-J	South Is. (Younger Torlesse Terrane)	Wandres et al. (2004a)
	Rakaia Terrane North (4n)	C-J	North Is. (Older Torlesse Terrane)	Adams and Graham (1996), Jiao et al. (2014)
	Rakaia Terrane South (4s)	C-J	South Is. (Older Torlesse Terrane)	Adams (2003), Wandres et al. (2004b), Mortimer et al. (2012)
	Caples Terrane Nelson (5nel)	P-Tr	Nelson	Mortimer (1993)
	Caples Terrane South (5s)	P-Tr	Marlborough, Southland, Wanganui, Westland	Mortimer et al. (2012)
Central Are Terranes	Dun Mt-Maitai Terrane Nelson (6nel)	P	Nelson	Rattecnbury et al. (1998)
	Dun Mt-Maitai Terrane South (6s)	P	South Is.	Turnbull and Allibone (2003), Mortimer et al. (2012)
	Murihiki Terrane North (7n)	Mes	North Is.	Adams et al. (2002), Briggs et al. (2004)
	Murihiki Terrane South (7s)	Mes	South Is.	Adams et al. 2002, Turnbull and Allibone (2003), Briggs et al. (2004), Mortimer et al. (2012)
	Brook Street Terrane Nelson (8nel)	P-J	Nelson	Rattecnbury et al. (1998)
	Brook Street Terrane South (8s)	P-J	South Is.	Tulloch et al. (1999), Adams et al. (2002), Turnbull and Allibone (2003), Davey (2005)
Western Province	Takaka Terrane Nelson (9nel)	Cam-D	Northwest Nelson	Wysoczanski et al. (1997), Rattecnbury et al. (1998), Tulloch et al. (2009), Adams et al. (2015), Jongens (2006)
	Takaka Terrane Fiordland (9f)	Cam-D	Fiordland	Scott et al. (2009), Tulloch et al. (2009), Turnbull et al. (2010), Adams et al. (2015)
	Buller Terrane Nelson (10nel)	Ord	Northwest Nelson.	Wysoczanski et al. (1997), Rattecnbury et al. (1998), Tulloch et al. (2009), Adams et al. (2015)
	Buller Terrane Fiordland (10f)	Ord	Fiordland	Scott et al. (2009), Tulloch et al. (2009), Turnbull et al. (2010), Adams et al. (2015)

Note: Cam, Cambrian; Ord, Ordovician; D, Devonian; C, Carboniferous; P, Permian; Tr, Triassic; J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous; Mes, Mesozoic.

Table 2. A list of characters and character-states used in the analysis.

Character		Character states
Age	1. Precambrian	Absent (0), present (1)
	2. Early Paleozoic (Cambrian–Silurian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	3. Late Paleozoic (Devonian–Permian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	4. Early Mesozoic (Triassic–Jurassic)	Absent (0), present (1)
	5. Late Mesozoic (Cretaceous)	Absent (0), present (1)
Zircon profile	6. Precambrian	Absent (0), present (1)
	7. Early Paleozoic (Cambrian–Silurian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	8. Late Paleozoic (Devonian–Permian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	9. Early Mesozoic (Triassic–Jurassic)	Absent (0), present (1)
	10. Late Mesozoic (Cretaceous)	Absent (0), present (1)
Clastic source	11. Island arc	Absent (0), present (1)
	12. Continental arc	Absent (0), present (1)
	13. Continental	Absent (0), present (1)
Tectonic setting	14. Oceanic arc	Absent (0), present (1)
	15. Accretionary complex	Absent (0), present (1)
	16. Continental	Absent (0), present (1)
Metamorphic age	17. Early Paleozoic (Cambrian–Silurian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	18. Late Paleozoic (Devonian–Permian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	19. Early Mesozoic (Triassic–Jurassic)	Absent (0), present (1)
	20. Late Mesozoic (Cretaceous)	Absent (0), present (1)
Metamorphic grade	21. Low	Absent (0), present (1)
	22. Medium	Absent (0), present (1)
	23. High	Absent (0), present (1)
Volcanics	24. Basic	Absent (0), present (1)
	25. Intermediate	Absent (0), present (1)
	26. Ophiolites/ultrabasics	Absent (0), present (1)
Amalgamation age	27. Early Paleozoic (Cambrian–Silurian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	28. Late Paleozoic (Devonian–Permian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	29. Early Mesozoic (Triassic–Jurassic)	Absent (0), present (1)
	30. Late Mesozoic (Cretaceous)	Absent (0), present (1)
Mélange boundary	31. Mélange boundary	Absent (0), present (1)
Granite age	32. Early Paleozoic (Cambrian–Silurian)	Absent (0), present (1)
	33. Devonian	Absent (0), present (1)
	34. Carboniferous	Absent (0), present (1)
	35. Cretaceous	Absent (0), present (1)
Devonian granite petrology	36. S-type	Absent (0), present (1)
	37. I-type	Absent (0), present (1)
Tahua orogeny folding type	38. F1	Absent (0), present (1)
	39. F2	Absent (0), present (1)
Carboniferous granite petrology	40. S-type	Absent (0), present (1)
	41. I-type	Absent (0), present (1)
	42. A-type	Absent (0), present (1)
Cretaceous granite petrology	43. I-type	Absent (0), present (1)
	44. A-type	Absent (0), present (1)

Table 3. The parenthetical terrane/character data matrix consisting of 18 terranes (units) and 44 lithological characters.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44
1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	?	?	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
3n	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
3s	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4n	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4s	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	?	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
5nel	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	?	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
5s	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	?	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6nel	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	?	?	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6s	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7n	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	?	?	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7s	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8nel	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8s	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9nel	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0
9f	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	?	?	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
10nel	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
10f	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	?	?	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0

Figure 2. Classification scheme or cladogram of New Zealand Terranes using cladistic analysis. TNT found a single parsimonious tree (with implied weight set at K = 10). Terrane symbols as in Figure 1.

Figure 3. A cladogram showing synapomorphies (characters) listed in Table 2. Character-states with an asterisk are non-homologous.

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