The composition characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with barley in saline-alkaline soils in Central Anatolia

Figures & data

Table 1. Geographical information of study sites.

Sampling site	Regional name	GPS		Soil texture	Clay (%)	Silt (%)	Sand (%)
S1	Kutlu, Aksaray city	38°18.576ʹN	33°50.134E	Silty clay loam	39.3	44.4	16.4
S2	Kutlu. Aksaray city	38°17.144ʹN	33°49.189E	Silty clay loam*	NA	NA	NA
S3	Kutlu. Aksaray city	38°16.338ʹN	33°48.515E	Silty clay loam*	NA	NA	NA
S4	Yesilova, Aksaray city	38°25.778ʹN	33°48.534E	Clay	46.4	33.6	20.0
S5	Yesilova, Aksaray city	38°29.223ʹN	33°45.404E	Clay**	NA	NA	NA
S6	Sarayhan, Aksaray city	38°35.017ʹN	33°47.533E	Clay	48.8	27.1	24.1
S7	Kocas, Aksaray city	38°26.259ʹN	33°52.724E	Clay	49.7	27.4	22.9
S8	Lake Tuz, Ankara city	38°47.782ʹN	33°37.233E	Clay loam	36.7	32.1	31.2

NA: not analyzed, *: speculated from the result of S1, **: speculated from the result of S4.

Table 2. AMF alpha diversity. The asterisk labeled implies the significant difference between growing season (GS) and harvest season (HS) (* p < 0.05 by Student t-test). Average ± standard deviation (n = 8).

	Richness	Pielou’s evenness*	Shannon’s diversity	Faith’s phylogenetic diversity
GS	104 ± 65	0.76 ± 0.05	4.89 ± 0.97	5.86 ± 1.92
HS	98 ± 57	0.85 ± 0.06	5.37 ± 1.00	4.54 ± 1.3

Figure 1. Comparison of root AMF community compositions of barley between the growing season (GS) and the harvest season (HS). Average of AMF community compositions among eight study sites are shown at the family level.

Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of obtained AMF virtual taxa (VTX) in the MaarjAM database. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method. The bootstrap values of >70% are shown next to the branches. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura two-parameter method. Average relative abundances of VTX in barley growing and harvest seasons are shown in parentheses (unit: %).

Table 3. Soil properties of the study sites.

Season	Site	pH	EC (mS/cm)	SOM (%)	CaCO3 (%)
GS	S1	8.2	0.59	2.44	15.5
	S2	8.2	0.69	1.51	17.8
	S3	7.8	0.59	2.75	12.9
	S4	8.2	0.80	2.82	9.5
	S5	7.8	0.94	2.06	15.6
	S6	7.4	0.69	1.90	15.3
	S7	7.7	0.85	2.53	9.6
	S8	7.8	0.56	2.41	9.1
HS	S1	8.1	0.43	2.25	14.6
	S2	8.0	0.37	2.59	25.6
	S3	8.2	1.27	2.69	21.7
	S4	8.4	0.85	2.63	11.7
	S5	8.1	1.43	2.49	19.0
	S6	7.8	0.40	2.88	15.7
	S7	7.7	0.73	2.31	11.3
	S8	7.6	1.59	4.02	8.4

GS: growing season, HS: harvest season, SOM: soil organic matter.

Figure 3. Beta diversity of AMF communities among eight study sites and their relationships to soil chemical properties in barley growing (a) and harvest (b) season. Beta diversity was analyzed by Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on weighted unifrac phylogenetic distance metrics and displayed in the scatter diagram of the first two axes. Solid arrow implies the significant relationship (p < 0.05).

Figure 4. Relationships between AMF beta diversity and differences in soil CaCO₃ content (%) of each two study sites in barley growing (a) and harvest (b) season. **Dotted line implies the significant correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) at p < 0.01.