Cotton stickiness before and after saw ginning

Figures & data

Table 1. Particulars of different regions of Ethiopia used for collection of samples (Tesema & Drieling, 2019).

Regions	Farms/ Places	Irrigation/ Rain fed	Approximate Altitude
North Ethiopia	Hiwot farm in Humera Small & Large farms in Metama Zeleke farm in Benishangul	Rain Feed	700-1000 m
North-Central Ethiopia	Tendaho Agricultural Development Agency	Irrigated	300 m
	Middle Awash State Farm, Amibara Farm, Bonta Farm	Irrigated	700 m
South Ethiopia	Arba Minch State Farm Small farms in Malayata Sodo Birala Agricultural farm in Jinka	Irrigated except in Sodo	1000 m

Table 2. H2SD, Sticky points: before ginning.

Cotton growing areas	Statistical parameters
	Mean	Min	Max
Bonta	50.7	31.3	67.4
Tendaho	52.5	33.2	73.7
Jinka_Birala	40.3	23.1	57.4
MASF	32.4	23.5	44.1
WARC	31.2	22.6	43.5
Sodo	26.1	17.3	38.2
Arbaminch	6.2	3.3	25.5
Metama	8.1	6.4	31.6
Humara	10.0	8.5	35.1

MASF, (Middle Awash State Farm).

WARC (Warer Agricultural Research Center).

Min, (Minimum), Max, (Maximum).

Table 3. H2SD, Sticky points: After Ginning.

Cotton growing areas	Statistical parameters
	Mean	Min	Max
Bonta	47.9	29.2	65.8
Tendaho	51.3	32.6	73.1
Jinka_Birala	39.5	20.8	56.4
MASF	31.7	21.9	42.7
WARC	29.3	20.7	41.6
Sodo	25.6	15.5	37.8
Arbaminch	5.3	2.3	24.3
Metama	7.29	5.8	29.7
Humara	9.6	7.3	34.5

MASF, (Middle Awash State Farm).

WARC (Warer Agricultural Research Center).

Min, (Minimum), Max, (Maximum).

Figure 1. Cross-section of Lummus Sentinel^TM lint cleaner (Left). The process of lint cleaning by beating the tufts against the grid bars (Right).

Table 4. ANOVA Analysis – Effect of Ginning on H2SD sticky points.

			Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
H2SD_BG * H2SD_AG	Between Groups	(Combined)	1252.168	1	1252.168	5.533	0.019
	Within Groups		610627.850	2698	226.326
	Total		611880.019	2699

Table 5. ANOVA Analysis - H2SD stickiness variations between growing areas.

			Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
H2SD_BG * GA	Between Groups	(Combined)	262190.024	8	32773.753	1105.439	0.000
	Within Groups		39757.611	1341	29.648
	Total		301947.636	1349
H2SD_AG * GA	Between Groups	(Combined)	256572.347	8	32071.543	1063.081	0.000
	Within Groups		40455.947	1341	30.168
	Total		297028.293	1349

H2SD_BG, (H2SD sticky points Before Ginning); H2SD_AG, (H2SD sticky points After Ginning), GA, (Growing Area).

Figure 2. Mean H2SD stickiness points befor and after ginning.

Figure 3. HPLC: (% fibre weight).

Table 6. Sugar contents, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography for the nine cotton growing areas, expressed as a percentage of the fiber weight.

		Sugar contents expressed as a percentage of the fibre weight
Growing area Statistics		Inosit	Tre	Glu	Fru	Trehal	Suc	Mel	Mal	Total
Bonta	Mean	0.052	0.003	0.063	0.079	0.097	0.014	0.091	0.005	0.404
	Minimum	0.034	0.001	0.021	0.011	0.001	0.000	0.016	0.001	0.085
	Maximum	0.075	0.010	0.120	0.181	0.239	0.038	0.211	0.008	0.882
	%, out of total sugars	12.9	0.8	15.6	19.5	24.0	3.5	22.5	1.2	100
Tendaho	Mean	0.030	0.038	0.052	0.091	0.211	0.002	0.065	0.033	0.521
	Minimum	0.010	0.007	0.010	0.007	0.002	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.037
	Maximum	0.071	0.048	0.109	0.151	0.361	0.004	0.170	0.081	0.995
	%, out of total sugars	5.7	7.2	9.9	17.5	40.5	0.4	12.5	6.3	100
Jinka_Birala	Mean	0.038	0.013	0.051	0.094	0.002	0.031	0.031	0.005	0.265
	Minimum	0.015	0.001	0.021	0.011	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.052
	Maximum	0.061	0.031	0.148	0.217	0.004	0.075	0.075	0.021	0.632
	%, out of total sugars	14.2	4.8	19.2	35.5	0.8	11.7	11.8	2.0	100
MASF	Mean	0.029	0.012	0.068	0.131	0.001	0.045	0.010	0.009	0.306
	Minimum	0.017	0.001	0.010	0.010	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.040
	Maximum	0.051	0.027	0.146	0.213	0.002	0.076	0.016	0.016	0.547
	%, out of total sugars	9.6	3.9	22.4	42.9	0.3	14.9	3.1	3.1	100
WARC	Mean	0.028	0.011	0.067	0.123	0.001	0.030	0.009	0.009	0.277
	Minimum	0.015	0.000	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.026
	Maximum	0.050	0.025	0.144	0.212	0.002	0.075	0.015	0.015	0.538
	%, out of total sugars	10.1	3.8	24.2	44.3	0.4	10.9	3.2	3.2	100
Sodo	Mean	0.027	0.010	0.090	0.120	0.001	0.029	0.008	0.008	0.294
	Minimum	0.014	0.000	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.024
	Maximum	0.049	0.023	0.142	0.211	0.002	0.073	0.014	0.014	0.528
	%, out of total sugars	9.2	3.3	30.7	40.9	0.3	9.9	2.9	2.7	100
Arbaminch	Mean	0.015	0.013	0.087	0.109	0.001	0.027	0.008	0.005	0.265
	Minimum	0.014	0.000	0.010	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.034
	Maximum	0.016	0.022	0.141	0.211	0.002	0.068	0.013	0.013	0.486
	%, out of total sugars	5.6	4.9	32.7	41.0	0.4	10.4	2.9	2.0	100
Metema	Mean	0.011	0.009	0.081	0.084	0.001	0.026	0.005	0.001	0.218
	Minimum	0.002	0.000	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.012
	Maximum	0.014	0.021	0.131	0.201	0.001	0.066	0.012	0.002	0.448
	%, out of total sugars	5.1	3.9	37.0	38.7	0.3	12.1	2.3	0.6	100
Humera	Mean	0.006	0.005	0.070	0.080	0.000	0.026	0.006	0.001	0.195
	Minimum	0.002	0.000	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.012
	Maximum	0.013	0.011	0.111	0.200	0.001	0.065	0.011	0.001	0.413
	%, out of total sugars	3.3	2.4	36.0	41.3	0.2	13.3	3.2	0.3	100

Figure 4. HPLC: (% total sugars).

Table 7. Sugar contents, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography for the nine cotton growing areas, expressed as a percentage of the total sugars.

		Sugar contents expressed as a percentage of the total sugar
Growing area	Statistics	Inosit	Tre	Glu	Fru	Trehal	Suc	Mel	Mal
Bonta	Mean	16.7	3.8	17.9	19.4	14.5	2.9	21.6	3.1
	Minimum	7.3	0.3	12.4	8.7	0.5	0.2	9	0.5
	Maximum	37.1	5.3	36.7	36.8	29.1	5.7	25.7	1.5
Tendaho	Mean	13.5	11.6	15.1	14.8	24.4	1.3	13.7	5.6
	Minimum	6.1	3.3	8.1	12.5	2.7	0	0	0.2
	Maximum	21.3	14.5	33.3	35.4	41.5	2.3	36.9	10.5
Jinka_Birala	Mean	18.2	8.1	23.2	25	1	10.3	11.8	2.4
	Minimum	8.2	0.9	13.7	12.9	0	1.7	2.7	0.3
	Maximum	33.1	16.5	37.1	46.1	1.9	23.5	28.1	6.7
MASF	Mean	18.1	7.8	23.1	24.8	1	10.1	13	2.2
	Minimum	8.1	0.7	13.5	12.7	0	1.5	2.6	0.2
	Maximum	33.4	16.3	36.9	45.7	1.7	23.3	28	6.5
WARC	Mean	17.9	8.5	22.8	24.6	1.3	9.9	12.8	2.1
	Minimum	8	0.5	13.3	12.6	0	1.4	2.5	0.1
	Maximum	33.3	16.1	36.7	45.5	1.6	23.1	27.7	6.3
Sodo	Mean	17.8	9.4	22.6	24.5	1.3	9.7	12.7	2
	Minimum	7.9	0.3	13.1	12.5	0	1.2	2.3	0.1
	Maximum	33.2	15.7	36.6	45.3	1.5	22.9	27.6	6.3
Arbaminch	Mean	19.7	8.9	22.5	24.4	0.1	9.5	12.3	2.3
	Minimum	7.7	0.2	12.9	12.4	0	1.1	2.2	0.1
	Maximum	33.1	15.6	36.5	45.1	1.4	22.7	27.5	6.2
Metema	Mean	19.3	9.7	22.4	24.2	0.2	9.4	12.4	2.1
	Minimum	7.6	0.1	12.8	12.3	0	1	2.1	0.1
	Maximum	32.7	15.5	36.4	44.9	1.3	22.5	27.4	6.1
Humera	Mean	18.3	9.9	22.5	24.4	0.3	9.6	15.5	2.1
	Minimum	7.5	0.1	12.9	12.5	0.1	1.3	2.5	0.3
	Maximum	32.5	15.7	36.7	45.1	1.5	22.7	27.5	6.3

Inosit, (inositol); Tre, (trehalose); Glu, (glucose); Fru, (fructose); Trehal, (trehalulose); Suc, (Sucrose); Mel, (melezitose); Mal, (maltose)

Figure 5. FTIR spectra: Non-contaminated lint cotton (after ginning) (NCLC), non-contaminated seed cotton (before ginning) (NCSC) and contaminated lint cotton (after ginning) (CLC).

Tesema, G. B., & Drieling, A. (2019). Statistical Analysis and Instrumental Characterization of commercial Ethiopian Cotton Varieties. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology Management, 11(1)

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