Transgenerational modification of hippocampus TNF-α and S100B levels in the offspring of rats chronically exposed to morphine during adolescence

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic timeline of the study.

Figure 2. Evaluation of the mean TNF-α values in the experimental groups. Hippocampus TNF-α levels were significantly increased in both male and female parents compared to those in control parents due to chronic use of morphine (A). Moreover, both male and female offspring of morphine-exposed parents showed a significant increase in hippocampus TNF-α levels compared to those of control offspring (B). Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests was used. A value of P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 5 for all groups except the female parental groups, where n = 6; Cnt-M_P: male control parents; Cnt-F_P: female control parents; Mor-M_P: male morphine-exposed parents; Mor-F_P: female morphine-exposed parents; Cnt-M_offs: male offspring from control parents; Cnt-F_offs: female offspring from control parents; Mor-M_offs: male offspring from morphine-exposed parents; Mor-F_offs: female offspring from morphine-exposed parents.

Figure 3. Comparison of the mean S100B values in the experimental groups. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests verified that hippocampus S100B levels were significantly decreased in male but not female parents compared to those in control parents due to chronic use of morphine (A). However, both male and female offspring of morphine-exposed parents showed a significant decrease in hippocampus S100B levels compared to those in control offspring (B). A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 5 for all groups except the female parental groups, where n = 6; Cnt-M_P: male control parents; Cnt-F_P: female control parents; Mor-M_P: male morphine-exposed parents; Mor-F_P: female morphine-exposed parents; Cnt-M_offs: male offspring from control parents; Cnt-F_offs: female offspring from control parents; Mor-M_offs: male offspring from morphine-exposed parents; Mor-F_offs: female offspring from morphine-exposed parents.