Yield and quality of basil, Swiss chard, and rocket microgreens grown in a hydroponic system

Figures & data

Figure 1. Yield, root FW, shoot and root DW, shoot DW percentage, and leaf area of basil, Swiss chard and rocket microgreens grown in a hydroponic system.

Notes: Values are means with standard errors. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Different letters indicate statistical differences at P < .05 (Bonferroni’s post-hoc test).

Figure 2. Mineral content (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn) in the edible part (shoots) of basil, Swiss chard and rocket microgreens grown in a hydroponic system.

Notes: Values are means with standard errors. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Different letters indicate statistical differences at P < .05 (Bonferroni’s post-hoc test).

Table 1. Total mineral uptake (shoots + roots) by basil, Swiss chard and rocket microgreens grown in a hydroponic system. Values are means ± standard errors.

	N	P	K	Ca	Fe	Mn
	(g m^−2)				(mg m^−2)
Crop
Basil	3.28 ± 0.050b	0.48 ± 0.026b	3.24 ± 0.368c	0.88 ± 0.060b	242.8 ± 23.99a	13.93 ± 1.186a
Swiss chard	4.44 ± 0.263ab	0.71 ± 0.018a	7.45 ± 0.200a	0.39 ± 0.016c	73.2 ± 13.34b	11.42 ± 0.421a
Rocket	5.07 ± 0.141a	0.72 ± 0.026a	5.60 ± 0.231b	1.42 ± 0.080a	180.5 ± 30.86a	13.92 ± 0.184a

Note: Data were subjected to ANOVA. Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference at P < .05 (Bonferroni’s post-hoc test).

Table 2. Chlorophylls (Chl a, Chl b and total), total carotenoids, total phenols, and anthocyanins in basil, Swiss chard and rocket microgreens grown in a hydroponic system.

	Chl a	Chl b	Chl a + b	Carotenoids	Phenolic index	Phenols	Anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent)
	(mg g^−1 FW)				(ABS320nm g^−1)	(GAE μg g^−1 FW)	(μg g^−1 FW)
Crop
Basil	0.610 ± 0.014b	0.205 ± 0.003b	0.815 ± 0.018b	0.126 ± 0.001a	4.14 ± 0.100a	298 ± 28.4a	14.41 ± 0.28a
Swiss chard	0.510 ± 0.017c	0.191 ± 0.021c	0.771 ± 0.037b	0.122 ± 0.005a	3.81 ± 0.729a	164 ± 40.4b	11.78 ± 0.63a
Rocket	0.747 ± 0.024a	0.260 ± 0.012a	1.007 ± 0.036a	0.171 ± 0.004a	4.54 ± 0.203a	328 ± 32.2a	8.83 ± 0.06a

Notes: Data were subjected to ANOVA. Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference at P < .05 (Bonferroni’s post-hoc test). Values are means ± standard errors.

Figure 3. Sucrose, reducing sugars, and total sugars in the edible part (shoots) of basil, Swiss chard and rocket microgreens grown in a hydroponic system.

Notes: Values are means with standard errors. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Different letters indicate statistical differences at P < .05 (Bonferroni’s post-hoc test).