Local responses in restrictive national policy contexts: welfare provisions for non-removed rejected asylum seekers in Amsterdam, Stockholm and Vienna

Figures & data

Table 1. Synoptic overview of cities' responses.

	Vienna	Amsterdam	Stockholm
Mode of multi-level governance	cooperative	decoupling	centralist
Overall “type” of response	entrenchment in MLG-setting and shadow politics	Counter-politics	Non-issue
Local service provision	Comprehensive service system, including health care, accommodation (collective/private), pocket money	Minimal reception as part of official municipal policy (scheme)	Fragmented and sporadic support of individual cases of hardship
Political response	Firm political response, when service arrangement is attacked	Open non-compliance with national policies	No positioning against national policies