There is more than ‘I’ in self-directed learning: An exploration of self-directed learning in teams of undergraduate students

Figures & data

Table 1. Description of groups.

Group	Respondent	Sex	Study	Rating project	Rating reflection report	Final grade (out of 10)
1	R1	Female	Medicine	Adequate	Good	7
	R2	Female	Biomedical sciences	Adequate	Good	7
	R3	Female	Biomedical sciences	Adequate	Good	7
	R4	Male	Biomedical sciences	Adequate	Adequate	6
	R5	Female	Biomedical sciences	Adequate	Adequate	6
	R6	Male	Medicine	Adequate	Adequate	6
2	R7	Female	Medicine	Good	Adequate	7
	R8	Female	Medicine	Good	Good	8
	R9	Female	Medicine	Good	Good	8
	R10	Female	Medicine	Good	Adequate	7
	R11	Male	Medicine	Good	Adequate	7
3	R12	Female	Medicine	Good	Good	8
	R13	Female	Biomedical sciences	Good	Excellent	9
	R14	Male	Medicine	Good	Good	8
	R15	Female	Medicine	Good	Adequate	7

Table 2. Number of recorded group meetings per month.

	2016		2017
	November	December	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	Total
Group 1	2	3	0	1	2	0	1	4		13
Group 2	1	1	1	0	0	1	2	2		8
Group 3	1	2	1	2	0	4	3	4	1	18
Total	4	6	2	3	2	5	6	10	1	39

Transcript 1.

	R1: Oh, all that reflection, you get so tired at some point, if you do that all day. It makes me cranky. You are just making stuff up-
	R3: Yes, exactly! It’s all a load of bullshit -
	R5: Yes.
	R1: Yes. I mean, I can have a conversation here and be sincere, but if I have to put it all on paper, I’m basically writing the same thing over and over -
	R3: Yes, and then every time the story repeats: ‘What kind of impression’ -
	R1: Here we go again.
Research	R4: This is all being recorded, guys! [laughs].
	R3: Thanks a lot.. Well, let them hear it!

Table 3. Occurrence of categories in percentages, in all sessions, per group.

Category	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
Self-monitoring	13.05	9.81	17.45
Knowledge acquisition	11.65	13.35	12.04
Interpersonal behaviour	9.87	21.45	12.73
Affect	9.72	8.85	9.49
Critical thinking	6.70	8.37	8.38
Openness	6.53	7.24	6.02
Disputational talk	5.82	3.70	2.65
Education context	4.76	3.86	3.77
Motivation	3.00	3.69	5.30
Self-concept	2.65	2.90	3.06
Responsibility	2.47	2.74	1.74
Organisation	1.76	1.45	2.86
Other	22.02	12.59	14.51
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00

Transcript 2.

Motivation	R15: But that was my role, you know, with the [Belbin roles]- [..] it said: ‘Doesn’t get motivated’ or so.
Responsibility	Then I thought: ‘Yes, that’s right’.
	Rest: [laughs].
Critical thinking	R13: But when you’re working, do you like it, or do you think, like: ‘Oh, what am I doing?’
Affect	R15: No.
Affect	R13: You don’t like it? Well, that sucks.
Affect	R15: But that’s why it’s difficult for me to start it.
	R12: Yes.
Responsibility	R15: That’s why I need a strict plan.
Interpersonal behaviour Responsibility	R13: But could we give you a task for instance, like: you absolutely need to finish this?
Affect	R15: Yes. That would be nice [laughs].

Transcript 3.

Affect Motivation	R2: But I don’t feel any pressure to work hard, because it’s not close yet.
Self-monitoring	R3: Yes. Also, we still don’t have a point, or problem.
Openness	R1: But that doesn’t really matter, we can just brainstorm a little bit.
Self-concept	R4: But at least it’s good that we are doing things, it will help us later.
Education Context	R2: Yes, it certainly will. But we need to make sure that we somehow get in touch with people that know more about this than we do.
	R1: Networking, networking.
	R2: Yes, exactly.

Transcript 4.

Openness	R8: Yes, it’s the same thing with diabetes.
	R9: Yes, exactly.
Openness	R8: Then you must inject at 12 o’clock in the middle of class, and that’s uncomfortable.
Critical thinking	R9: Yes. No, exactly. Injecting is worse than inhaling, in that regard. But it’s weird that you can’t find much about that. I would expect for diabetes- did you check PubMed by any chance?
	R8: Yes, me too. No, not PubMed.
Self-monitoring	R9: Maybe we can take time to do that.

Transcript 5.

Knowledge Acquisition	R10: Yes, they [asthma patients] get anti-inflammatory medication for short periods of time, and then that passes. And then well, they [GP’s] don’t follow up on that.
Critical thinking	R9: Where did you get this information?
Knowledge acquisition	R10: Lung foundation.
Critical thinking	R9: That is interesting. Because, I mean, if it would be that simple to adjust that.
Knowledge acquisition	R10: Yes, but I do think this only goes for children.
	R9: Yes.
Knowledge acquisition	R10: Because it’s more about the fact that they are not diagnosed yet, I think.
Critical thinking Openness	R9: And do you know in which situation- because you found way more than us regarding that, but do you know in which situations they are noncompliant? When they are at school for example? I mean, the parents pay attention to it of course.
Openness	R10: Yes- yes, I think the problem here is that the doctors don’t prescribe it for long enough, so then the children stop it. And if they come back, they simply get a new treatment.
Critical thinking	R9: But you would think that parents keep an eye on that.

Transcript 6.

Self-monitoring	R10: Yes, we must arrange how we will go about the report and everything…
	R8: Do you want to do that now, or?
Responsibility	R10: Yes, just here, I think. Of everything that needs to be done.
Self-monitoring	R9: Oh, and perhaps again- or well, maybe it’s completely redundant, but another feedback moment?
Self-monitoring	R8: Yes, then we must see if we can make that work on time, otherwise we will just do it with the feedback form.
	R10: Yes, for sure.
Education context	R8: Yes, in any case, I think we must [use the form].
Self-monitoring	R10: But before June 9^th? For Professionalism, that you have time to incorporate it and –
Self-monitoring	R8: Yes. I will write it down.
Self-monitoring	R9: When is Professionalism due?
Organisation	R10: June 9^th, I think.
Disputational talk	R9: Then we have to hand it in already?!

Transcript 7.

Affect	R2: Well, it wasn’t that bad, but when I it kept me up at night, it did stress me out.
Affect	R3: Yes, I had that too!
Affect	R2: And then I couldn’t sleep anymore.
	R5: R3, you are always –
Affect	R3: I am always stressed out. Don’t get me started!
Disputational talk	R1: I never have any stress.