Translanguaging spaces and multilingual public writing in Zambia: tracing change in the linguistic landscape of Ndola on the Copperbelt

Figures & data

Table 1. Main languages of Zambia by number of speakers (Zambia Census, CSO 2010).

Language group	Predominant geographical distribution	All Zambia (%)	Rural (%)	Urban (%)
Bemba	Northern Muchinga Copperbelt Lusaka	33.5	22.5	49.5
Nyanja	Eastern Lusaka	14.8	5.7	28
Tonga	Southern Central	11.4	15.9	4.9
Lozi	Western	5.5	7.1	3.2

Figure 1. Steel advertisement billboards (Ndola, May 2011).

Figure 2. Broadway, Ndola, with advertisement displays (Ndola, April 2012).

Figure 3. CellZ 72 Ethnic Languages advert (English, Ndola, August 2007).

Figure 4. Airtel Chezelela advert (English/Nyanja, Ndola, May 2011).

Figure 5. MTN Mahala advert (English/Nyanja, Ndola, September 2010).

Figure 6. MTN Tuesday Njikata advert (English/Bemba, Ndola, May 2011).

Figure 7. MTN Smartphone advert (English/Bemba, Ndola, September 2020).

Figure 8. Barclays Ichuma Bantu display advert (English/Bemba, Ndola, May 2011).

Figure 9. Barclays Chuma ni Bantu print advert (English/Nyanja, The Record, April 2011).

Figure 10. Ministry of Health C-19 advert (Bemba, Ndola, September 2020).

Figure 11. Ministry of Health C-19 posters (English (top) Nyanja (bottom), Ndola, September 2020).

Figure 12. UNICEF LEGO Foundation advert (Bemba/English, September 2020).