Prioritise Propensity: A multimethod analysis of peer influence and school-based aggression

Figures & data

Figure 1. The input to the perception-choice process in the causation of aggression.

Table 1. OLS clustered robust standard error linear regression predicting (unlogged) aggression frequency from propensity and peer norms (N = 394).

	Model 1		Model 2
	Coeff	Robust SE	Coeff	Robust SE
Propensity	10.91**	2.20	10.85**	2.17
Norms	12.20***	0.96	10.78***	1.22
Propensity^2	6.35***	1.00	3.60**	0.81
Prop x Norms			5.02*	1.53
R2 × 100%)	44.5		46.1

***p < .001 **p < .01. *p < .05

All independent variables are z-standardized (Aiken and West 1991).

Table 2. Robust linear regression models for the interaction between propensity and peer norms (N = 394).

	Model 1		Model 2
	Coeff	SE	Coeff	SE
Propensity	6.66***	0.96	8.11***	1.87
Norms	7.82***	1.04	6.99**	1.20
Propensity x Norms			6.72**	2.31
R2(w)	0.374		0.548
R2(rho)	0.209		0.280

***p < .001 **p < .01. *p < .05

Figure 2. The nature of the interaction between propensity and peer norms.

Table 3. Individual group membership: dichotomized peer and propensity groups (N = 394).

Propensity	Peer norms	n	%
Low	Anti-agg	139	35.3
	Pro-agg	61	15.5
Total		200	50.8
High	Anti-agg	87	22.1
	Pro-agg	107	27.2
Total		194	49.2
Grand Total		394	100.0

Table 4. Marginal effects of peer norms at representative values of propensity (clustered robust standard errors (N = 394).

	ME	SE	95% CI
Conditional effects
Low propensity	6.76***	1.40	4.02–9.50
Medium propensity	10.08***	1.29	7.54–12.61
High propensity	14.88***	1.21	12.51–17.25
	Contrast	Z	p
Equality tests
Low/high	8.12***	6.72	0.000
Low/medium	3.32***	9.96	0.000
Medium/high	4.80***	5.42	0.000

***p < .001 **p < .01. *p < .05

Table 5. STB aggressive incident rate per 25 hours by propensity and type of peers.

		STB aggression		Units in school		Aggressive incidents/25 hours
Propensity	Type of Peers	N	%	N (hrs:mins)	%
Low	Non-aggressive peers	13	61.9	2929 (732:15)	78.8	0.44
	Aggressive peers	8	38.1	787 (196:45)	21.2	1.02
	Total	21	100.0	3716 (929:00)	100.0	0.57
High	Non-aggressive peers	33	37.5	2736 (684:00)	68.6	1.21
	Aggressive peers	55	62.5	1250 (312:30)	31.4	4.40
	Total	88	100.0	3986 (996:30)	100.0	2.21
All	Non-aggressive peers	46	42.2	5665 (1416:15)	73.6	0.81
	Aggressive peers	63	57.8	2037 (509:15)	26.4	3.09
	Total	109	100.0	7702 (1925:30)	100.0	1.42

Figure 3. Situational interaction between propensity and type of peers.

Aiken, L. S. and S. G. West. 1991. Multiple Regressions: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

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