Transparency and Public Value—Analyzing the Transparency Practices and Value Creation of Public Utilities

Figures & data

Table 1. Framework for measuring transparency.

	Amount of information
Type of information	Completeness	Coloring	Usability
Operational capacity	Complete information about inputs, throughputs, outputs, costs is available	Information reflects both the success and failures/shortcomings of operational processes	Reliable operational information is made available in an easy, timely and accessible manner
Authorizing environment	Complete information about the layout and dynamics of the stakeholders and decision-making	Information reflects all values and opinions of the stakeholders in the decision-making process	Reliable information about environment is made available in an easy, timely, and accessible manner
Public value proposition	Complete information about the objectives and means for the mid-term is available	Information reflects different options about practices and different trend expectations	Reliable information about practices is made available in an easy, timely, and accessible manner

Table 2. Overview of cases.

Aruba	Curacao	St Kitts
Airport	Airport	Air- and seaport (one entity)
Seaport	Seaport	Electricity
Bus transport	Bus transport	Water
Electricity and water (one entity)	Electricity and water (one entity)	Waste management
Electricity distribution	Gasoline distribution
Waste management	Waste management

Table 3. Measurement of public value.

Case	Legitimacy Minimum 1 point Maximum 4 points	Operational capacity Minimum 1 point Maximum 8 points	Public value proposition Minimum 1 point Maximum 4 points	Total score Minimum 3 points Maximum 16 points	fsQCA set membership Minimum 0.00 Maximum 1.00
Waste A	3.25	8	2.5	13.75	1.00
Waste B	3	5	3	11	0.98
Energy A	3	4.5	3	10.5	0.86
Seaport A	2.25	5	3.25	10.5	0.86
Energy B	3.33	3.33	3.33	9.99	0.73
Airport A^1	2.75	5	2	9.75	0.68
Energy C	2.5	5	2.25	9.75	0.68
Transport A	3	4.5	2	9.5	0.62
Seaport B	3	3	3	9	0.50
Waste C	1.75	4.5	1.5	7.75	0.20
Seaport C	1	4.5	2	7.5	0.14
Energy D	2.5	2.5	2.25	7.25	0.08
Energy E	2	3	2.25	7.25	0.08
Transport B^2	2	4	1	7	0.02
Airport B	1.75	2.5	2.5	6.75	0.00
Energy F	1.5	2.5	1.25	5.25	0.00

Table 4. Transparency score of cases.

	Transparency of operational capacity		Transparency of authorizing environment		Transparency of value proposition
Case	Set	Criteria	Set	Criteria	Set	Criteria
Energy A	1.00	[✓] Complete	1.00	[✓] Complete	1.00	[✓] Complete
		[✓] Color		[✓] Color		[✓] Color
		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality
Seaport A	1.00	[✓] Complete	1.00	[✓] Complete	0.66	[✓] Complete
		[✓] Color		[✓] Color		[] Color
		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality
Waste A	0.66	[✓] Complete	1.00	[✓] Complete	0.66	[✓] Complete
		[✓] Color		[✓] Color		[✓] Color
		[] Quality		[✓] Quality		[] Quality
Waste B	0.66	[✓] Complete	1.00	[✓] Complete	0.66	[✓] Complete
		[✓] Color		[✓] Color		[✓] Color
		[] Quality		[✓] Quality		[] Quality
Energy B	0.66	[✓] Complete	0.66	[✓] Complete	0.66	[✓] Complete
		[] Color		[✓] Color		[] Color
		[✓] Quality		[] Quality		[✓] Quality
Airport A	0.66	[] Complete	0.66	[] Complete	0.66	[] Complete
		[✓] Color		[✓] Color		[✓] Color
		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality
Seaport C	0.66	[✓] Complete	0.00	[] Complete	0.00	[] Complete
		[] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[✓] Quality		[] Quality		[] Quality
Energy E	0.66	[✓] Complete	0.00	[] Complete	0.66	[✓] Complete
		[] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[✓] Quality		[] Quality		[✓] Quality
Transport B	0.66	[] Complete	0.33	[] Complete	0.33	[] Complete
		[✓] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality
Energy F	0.66	[✓] Complete	0.00	[] Complete	0.66	[✓] Complete
		[] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[✓] Quality		[] Quality		[✓] Quality
Energy C	0.33	[] Complete	0.33	[] Complete	0.33	[] Complete
		[] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality
Seaport B	0.33	[✓] Complete	0.66	[] Complete	0.66	[✓] Complete
		[] Color		[✓] Color		[] Color
		[] Quality		[✓] Quality		[✓] Quality
Airport B	0.33	[] Complete	0.00	[] Complete	0.33	[✓] Complete
		[] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[✓] Quality		[] Quality		[✓] Quality
Transport A	0.00	[] Complete	0.33	[✓] Complete	0.00	[] Complete
		[] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[] Quality		[] Quality		[] Quality
Waste C	0.00	[] Complete	0.00	[] Complete	0.00	[] Complete
		[✓] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[] Quality		[] Quality		[] Quality
Energy D	0.00	[] Complete	0.33	[✓] Complete	0.33	[✓] Complete
		[] Color		[] Color		[] Color
		[] Quality		[] Quality		[] Quality

Table 5. Analysis of necessary conditions.

	Creation of public value
Condition	Consistency	Coverage
Transparency of operational capacity	0.73	0.63
Transparency of authorizing environment	0.84	0.86
Transparency of value proposition	0.70	0.65

Table 6. Truth table of sufficient conditions.

Transparency of operational capacity	Transparency of authorizing environment	Transparency of public value proposition	Number of cases	Consistency public value created	Consistency no public value created
1	1	1	6	0.91	0.35
0	0	0	4	0.52	0.86
1	0	1	2	0.43	0.97
1	0	0	2	0.45	0.98
0	1	1	1	0.76	0.69
0	0	1	1	0.46	0.97
1	1	0	0	N/A	N/A
0	1	0	0	N/A	N/A

Table 7. Solutions for the outcome “public value creation”.

Measures of fit	Complex solution	Parsimonious solution	Intermediate solution
	Transparency about operational capacity AND authorizing environment AND value proposition	Transparency about operational capacity AND authorizing environment	Transparency about operational capacity AND authorizing environment AND value proposition
Raw coverage	0.65	0.68	0.65
Unique coverage	0.65	0.68	0.65
Consistency	0.91	0.90	0.91
Cases explained	Waste A, Waste B, Energy A, Seaport A, Energy B, Airport A	Waste A, Waste B, Energy A, Seaport A, Energy B, Airport A	Waste A, Waste B, Energy A, Seaport A, Energy B, Airport A

Frequency cutoff: 1.00. Consistency cutoff: 0.91

Table 8. Solutions for the outcome “no public value creation”.

Measures of fit	Complex solution	Parsimonious solution	Intermediate solution
	NO authorizing environment transparency	NO authorizing environment transparency	NO authorizing environment transparency
Raw coverage	0.88	0.88	0.88
Unique coverage	0.88	0.88	0.88
Consistency	0.87	0.87	0.87
Cases explained	Waste C, Seaport C, Energy D, Energy E, Transport B, Airport B, Energy F	Waste C, Seaport C, Energy D, Energy E, Transport B, Airport B, Energy F	Waste C, Seaport C, Energy D, Energy E, Transport B, Airport B, Energy F

Frequency cutoff: 1.00. Consistency cutoff: 0.86.