Reliability and Responsiveness of the Observable Movement Quality Scale for Children with Mild to Moderate Motor Impairments

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart.

Table 1. Characteristics of included children (n = 30), indication for physical therapy intervention; outcome on Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2^nd edition, Dutch version (MABC-2-NL), Observable Movement Quality (OMQ) scale, and Global Perceived Effect (GPE) scores.

Characteristics	n	Mean (SD)	Range
Boys	19
Girls	11
Age in years	30	7yr5mth (2yr6mth)	4 – 12yr
Indication for physical therapeutic intervention
Motor developmental delay	16
In combination with DCD	2
In combination with PDD-nos	1
Clumsy motor skills	3
Manual dexterity developmental delay	3
Hypermobility	2
Musculoskeletal injury	2
Scoliosis	1
Outcome MABC-2-NL (standard scores)
MABC-2-NL at baseline	30	6.17 (3.51)
MABC-2-NL after intervention	28	7.64 (4.50)
Outcome OMQ scale (total scores)
OMQ scale score at baseline	30	67.63 (4.97)	51 − 75
OMQ scale score after intervention	28	70.07 (5.19)	55 − 75
Outcome GPE (at t1)		median	range
Treating pediatric physical therapist	30	3	2 − 4

SD = Standard Deviation; yr = years; mth = months; GA = Gestational Age; DCD = Developmental Coordination Disorder; PDD-nos = Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not otherwise Specified.

Figure 2. Bland-Altman plots for comparison of Observable Movement Quality scale total scores at baseline assessment.

Table 2. Reliability of the observable movement quality (OMQ) scale total scores (n = 30).

	ICC2,1 (95% CI)	SEM	SDC	LoA
Inter-rater reliability (N = 3)	0.790 (0.615 − 0.893)	3.85	10.67	33.0
Intra-rater reliability (N = 1)	0.965 (0.926 − 0.983)	0.86	2.38	7.03

OMQ = observable movement quality; n = number of video-recorded children ICC_2,1 = intraclass correlation coefficient, a two-way random effects single-measures model of absolute agreement; SEM = standard error of mean; SDC = smallest detectable change; LoA = Limits of Agreement; N = number of observers.

Table 3. Item Agreement for each item (n = 15) of the observable movement quality (OMQ) scale scored on a 5-point Likert scale by expert examiner (n = 1) for intrarater and by all examiners (n = 3) for interrater over video-record children (n = 30) for baseline assessments.

		Interrater		Intrarater
OMQ item		Median (range)	PO	Median (range)	PO
			Mean (range)		Mean (range)
1	Appropriate fine motor movements	4 (2 − 5)	0.70 (0.33 − 1.00)	4 (2 − 5)	0.75 (0.50 − 1.00)
2	Appropriate gross motor movements	4 (2 − 5)	0.70 (0.33 − 1.00)	4 (2 − 5)	0.90 (0.50 − 1.00)
3	Fluency of movements	4 (2 − 5)	0.69 (0.33 − 1.00)	4 (2 − 5)	0.78 (0.50 − 1.00)
4	Reduced muscle tone	5 (2 − 5)	0.67 (0.33 − 1.00)	5 (4 − 5)	0.97 (0.50 − 1.00)
5	Increased muscle tone	5 (3 − 5)	0.74 (0.33 − 1.00)	5 (3 − 5)	0.97 (0.50 − 100)
6	Tremors	5 (2 − 5)	0.82 (0.33 − 1.00)	5 (2 − 5)	0.97 (0.50–1.00)
7	Slow and/or delayed movements	5 (2 − 5)	0.69 (0.33 − 1.00)	5 (4 − 5)	1.00 (1.00 − 1.00)
8	Accelerated and/or abrupt movements	4 (2 − 5)	0.61 (0.33 − 1.00)	5 (3 − 5)	0.88 (0.50 − 1.00)
9	Asymmetry in movements	5 (2 − 5)	0.73 (0.33 − 1.00)	5 (4 − 5)	0.98 (0.50 − 1.00)
10	Accuracy (well-aimed)	4 (2 − 5)	0.62 (0.33 − 1.00)	5 (3 − 5)	0.80 (0.50 − 1.00)
11	Strength regulation	4 (2 − 5)	0.53 (0.33 − 0.67)	5 (3 − 5)	0.88 (0.50 − 1.00)
12	Variation in movements	4 (2 − 5)	0.68 (0.33 − 1.00)	4 (3 − 5)	0.87 (0.50 − 1.00)
13	Involuntary movements	4 (1 − 5)	0.61 (0.33 − 1.00)	4 (3 − 5)	0.80 (0.50 − 1.00)
14	Automated movements	4 (1 − 5)	0.67 (0.33 − 1.00)	4 (2 − 5)	0.88 (0.50 − 1.00)
15	Stereotype movements	5 (2 − 5)	0.67 (0.33 − 1.00)	5 (4 − 5)	0.98 (0.50 − 1.00)

^a Linear weighting, CI = Confidence Interval, P_O =proportion of observed agreement.

Table 4. Responsiveness statistics for observable movement quality (OMQ) scale total score (n = 28) and movement assessment battery for children, 2^nd edition, Dutch version (MABC-2-NL) standard scores.

	Mean difference	(SD)	95% CI	Range	sign	SEM	ES	SRM	SDC	MIC	ROC cutoff
OMQ scale
Total score	2.39	(3.28)	1.12 − 3.67	−2–11	0.001	0.86	0.48	0.73	2.38	3.15	2.50
MABC-2-NL
MABC-2-NL standard score	1.50	(3.46)	0.16 − 2.84	−5–11	0.030	NA	0.44	0.43	NA	NA	NA

SD = Standard Deviation; CI = confidence interval; sign = significance; SEM = Standard Error of Measurement; ES = Effect Size; SRM = Standardized Response Mean; SDC = Smallest Detectable Change; MIC = Minimal Important Difference; ROC = Receiver Operating Curve; NA = not applicable

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (LD) upon reasonable request.