State school inspection policy in Norway and Sweden (2002–2012): a reconfiguration of governing modes?

Figures & data

Figure 1. Theoretical/analytical model

Table 1. Modes of governing.

Mode of governing/function	Nickname	Description
Purposive/legal	PURLEG	‘How things should be’
		Regulations, Control, Examination, Compliancy, Surveillance, Supervision, Deficiencies, Pursuance, Fulfillment
Purposive/professional	PURPRO	‘What is possible’
		Information, Help, Support, Remark, Withdrawal, State actions, Proactiveness, Professionalism
Evaluative/expert-defined	EVEXP	‘What is accomplished’
		Evaluation, (Supervision), Normative reactions, Achievement of targets, Accounting/revision, QAE, Standards, Guidelines, Follow-up
Evaluative/pragmatic	EVPRAG	‘What is going to be done’
		Development, Guidance, Counseling, Reflection, Cooperation, Learning, Dialogue, Trust, Reciprocity

Table 2. Legal statutes and regulation (1998–2011).

Norway	Sweden
Functions/nodes number of coding references in NVivo 10 (%)
PURLEG	PURPRO	EVEXP	EVPRAG	Legal statutes and regulation	PURLEG	PURPRO	EVEXP	EVPRAG	Legal statutes and regulation:
83	17	–	–	The Education Act of 1998 (Section 14.1)	33	14	48	5	Government Bill. Prop. 2007/08:50 ‘New educational authorities’ (Ch 4.3)
					43	29	29	–	Regulation 2008:613 (With instructions for State School Inspectorate/SSI)
					33	33	33	–	The Education Act 2010 (SFS 2010:800/Skollagen) (Sec. 26)
					20	20	40	20	Regulation 2011:556 ‘Instructions for State School Inspections’ (SFS Svensk förfatningssamling 2011:556)

Table 3. White Papers, Green Papers and official reports (2002–2012).

Norway	Sweden
Functions/nodes number of coding references in NVivo 10 (%)
PURLEG	PURPRO	EVEXP	EVPRAG	White Papers, Green Papers and official reports	PURLEG	PURPRO	EVEXP	EVPRAG	White papers, Green papers and official reports
31	23	23	23	White Paper No 17 (2002–2003) On State Audit (Chap. 3.2–3.3)	54	–	31	15	SOU 2002:14 State Audit – Investigation on Behalf of the Citizens (Chap. 1.3.3/6.5.3/8.3)
44	13	6	33	Official report NOU 2004:17 State Audit of the Municipal Sector (Chap. 5.2. −5.3)	30	10	10	50	Official report SOU 2007:79 Three new national agencies for education (Chap. 4.2)
33	5	38	24	White Paper No. 31 (2007–2008), Quality in Schools (Chap. 4.5.8)	58	8	34	–	Official report SOU 2007:101 Clear and Transparent – Reinforcing school inspection (Summary)
50	4	4	42	White Paper No. 20 (2011–2012) On the right track (Chap. 7.4)	29	24	41	6	2008: Parliamentary Committee Directive Establishment of a State School Inspectorate (2008:3)
					41	46	–	13	2009: Ministry Series The new education act- For Knowledge, Choice and Safety (DS:2009:25), (Chap. 24)

Table 4. Grey papers, supreme audit reports and national inspection reports (2004–2012).

Norway							Sweden
Functions/nodes number of coding references in NVivo 10 ( %)
PURLEG	PURPRO	EVEXP	EVPRAG	Grey papers, supreme audit reports and national inspection reports	PURLEG	PURPRO		EVEXP	EVPRAG	Grey papers, supreme audit reports and national inspection reports
28	20	15	38	NIBR Report 2004:4 ‘The County Governor’s Audit of the Municipal Sector’ (Chap. 6: Conclusion)	22	20		48	10	National Agency for Education/NAE (Skolverket) Inspection for Improvement – a brochure about the National Agency for Education’s Educational Inspectorate (2004/2005)
27	–	7	65	NIBR Report 2004:7 ‘The dialogue between regional and local authorities’ (English summary: pp.10–14)	43	10		38	10	Official Report RiR 2011:23 ‘Equal grades, equal knowledge’. A follow-up of state steering towards more equal student assessment in primary and lower secondary schools’ Swedish National Audit Office (Chap. 6.2)
48	6	18	27	Official report: ‘The Auditor General Office’s Audit of Primary and Secondary Education’ The Office of the Auditor General (Doc. No. 3:10, 2005-2006, Chap. 2.4; Attachment to Doc. No. 3:10, 2005–2006, Chap. 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 7.2-7-5; Summary of Doc. No. 3:10, 2005-2006).	30	16		42	12	National Inspection Report; Report on regular inspection, Dnr 40-2012:2991 ‘A School with Confidence lifts all students’ (SSI) (Summary; Chap. 1–2; Ch. 10)
78	–	20	2	National Inspection Report (2012FNT 2010-2011 (UDIR)