Development and validation of a parental report of toddlers’ prosodic skills

Figures & data

Table 1. Item to assess the comprehension ability to distinguish among sentence types.

Item	Force-Choice Response Options (Months)
1. The child understands:
(a) a statement	☐3 ☐6 ☐9 ☐12 ☐15 ☐18 ☐Other____
(b) a question	☐3 ☐6 ☐9 ☐12 ☐15 ☐18 ☐Other____
(c) a command	☐3 ☐6 ☐9 ☐12 ☐15 ☐18 ☐Other____
(d) a request	☐3 ☐6 ☐9 ☐12 ☐15 ☐18 ☐Other____
(e) a call	☐3 ☐6 ☐9 ☐12 ☐15 ☐18 ☐Other____

Figure 1. Distribution of participants by sex and age.

Table 2. Means (M), standard deviations (SD), mean ranks, and U-values for children with Typical Development (TD) and children with Down Syndrome (DS) on the Proso-Quest.

Proso-Quest Items	TD	DS	TD	DS	U-value
	M (SD)	M (SD)	Mean Rank	Mean Rank
1. The child understands:
a. a statement	11.81 (4.04)	16.15 (6.23)	230.03	322.63	2697.5*
b. a question	12.73 (3.71)	16.95 (6.13)	233.17	323.83	2793.5*
c. a command	12.86 (3.91)	15.70 (6.26)	232.43	280.77	3554.5
d. a request	12.78 (3.73)	15.15 (5.83)	235.92	273.43	3821.5
e. a call	9.25 (4.46)	12.70 (6.38)	238.73	317.70	3116.0*
2. The child understands a word better:
a. if heard in isolation	10.22 (3.23)	13.50 (6.23)	224.09	289.90	3072.0*
b. if placed at the end of a sentence	12.51 (3.30)	17.35 (5.61)	220.28	326.27	2264.5**
c. if placed inside a sentence	14.17 (3.73)	19.45 (5.19)	218.59	339.43	1961,5**
3. The child understands when one talks about a specific object as opposed to others (contrastive focus context)	13.25 (3.54)	16.65 (5.50)	240.30	318.18	3166.5*
4. The child produces:
a. a statement	16.50 (4.09)	-	-	-	-
b. a question	18.00 (3.80)	-	-	-	-
c. a command	18.21 (3.99)	-	-	-	-
d. a request	16.83 (4.10)	-	-	-	-
e. a call	14.36 (4.26)	-	-	-	-
5. The child produces:
a. mainly words in isolation	14.66 (3.38)	-	-	-	-
b. sequences of words but sounding as if each word is a sentence	17.25 (3.43)	-	-	-	-
c. sequences of words integrated within a single sentence	19.05 (3.71)	-	-	-	-
6. The child produces sentences such that you know he/she is talking about an object as opposed to others.	17.99 (3.61)	-	-	-	-

Note. * p ≤ 0.05. ** p ≤ 0.001.

Data availability statement

The detailed data of this study are available from the corresponding author, SF, upon request.