Incorporating gerontological and geriatrics information into picture books for 9-12 year-old children: A stakeholder engagement design

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study.

Table 1. Participant Characteristics.

Variable	n(%) or mean ± SD
Professional [stakeholder Group for the picture book: Professional] (n = 9)
Demographic Variables
Sex
Male	3(33.3%)
Female	6(66.7%)
Age (42–63)	53.44 ± 8.54
41–45	3(33.3%)
46–50	0(0%)
51–55	2(22.2%)
56–60	1(11.1%)
61–65	3(33.3%)
Field
Doctor/Physician	3(33.3%)
Dietitian	1(11.1%)
Caregiver	1(11.1%)
Teacher Training and Education Specialist	1(11.1%)
Elementary School Teacher	3(33.3%)
Older adults [stakeholder Group for the picture book: stakeholders of Interest](n = 9)
Demographic Variables
Sex
Male	2(22.2%)
Female	7(77.8%)
Age (66–77)	71.33 ± 3.43
65–69	3(33.3%)
70–74	4(44.4%)
75 (and above)	2(22.2%)
Education Level
Primary School (and below)	0(0%)
Junior High School, Senior High School	4(44.4%)
Tertiary Education, University (and above)	5(55.6%)
Children [stakeholder Group for the picture book: User](n = 7)
Demographic Variables
Sex
Male	4(57.1%)
Female	3(42.9%)
Age	10.71 ± 0.88
09	1(14.3%)
10	1(14.3%)
11	4(57.1%)
12	1(14.3%)

Table 2. Number and percentage of coded comments from stakeholders.

		Knowledge content	Storyline	Textual narrative	Typography	Text size	Sum
Medical Specialist (Professional) n = 5	Falls	12	4	3	0	2	21(15.8%)
	Nutrition	9	4	11	3	1	28(21.1%)
	Communication	3	4	8	3	1	19(14.3%)
	Total	24(18.0%)	12(9.0%)	22(16.5%)	6(4.5%)	3(2.3%)	67(50.4%)
Education Specialist (Professional) n = 4	Falls	5	5	15	1	1	27(20.3%)
	Nutrition	0	1	6	0	1	8(6.0%)
	Communication	0	2	4	0	2	8(6.0%)
	Total	5(3.8%)	8(6.0%)	25(18.8%)	1(0.8%)	4(3.0%)	43(32.3%)
older adults (stakeholders or Persons of Interest) n = 9	Falls	2	2	1	0	0	5(3.8%)
	Nutrition	1	2	1	0	0	4(3.0%)
	Communication	0	5	0	0	0	5(3.8%)
	Total	3(2.3%)	9(6.8%)	2(1.5%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	14(10.5%)
Children (Users) n = 7	Falls	1	2	1	1	1	6(4.5%)
	Nutrition	0	0	0	0	1	1(0.8%)
	Communication	0	1	0	0	1	2(1.5%)
	Total	1(0.8%)	3(2.3%)	1(0.8%)	1(0.8%)	3(0.8%)	9(6.8%)
	Sum	33(24.8%)	32(24.0%)	50(37.6%)	8(6.0%)	10(7.5%)	133(100%)

Table 3. Textbook Suitability Ratings of First Draft picture book and Revised picture book – Verified using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.

	Prototype picture book			Corrected picture book			p-value
	Mean	Std. Deviation	Median	Mean	Std. Deviation	Median
Fall Information picture book	84.54	14.59	88.6400	98.18	1.903	97.7300	.144
Content	95.00	6.85	100.00	97.50	5.59	100.00	.564
Reading and writing skills required	80.00	18.71	90.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.063
Drawings	100.00	.00	100.00	98.00	4.47	100.00	.317
Layout and printing	73.33	25.28	66.67	96.67	7.46	100.00	.141
Learning Stimuli and Motivation	60.00	54.77	100.00	96.66	7.47	100.00	.276
Cultural Appropriateness	90.00	13.69	100.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.157
Nutrition Information picture book	85.00	15.13	88.64	98.64	1.24	97.73	.144
Content	95.00	6.85	100.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.157
Reading and writing skills required	82.00	20.49	90.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.102
Drawings	100.00	.00	100.00	96.00	5.48	100.00	.157
Layout and printing	73.33	25.28	66.67	96.67	7.46	100.00	.141
Learning Stimuli and Motivation	60.00	54.77	100.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.157
Cultural Appropriateness	90.00	13.69	100.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.157
Communication Information picture book	79.6860	14.14628	84.0900	98.6360	2.03426	100.0000	.042
Content	77.50	16.30	75.00	95.00	11.18	100.00	.066
Reading and writing skills required	78.00	17.89	80.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.066
Drawings	96.00	5.48	100.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.157
Layout and printing	73.33	19.00	66.67	96.67	7.46	100.00	.102
Learning Stimuli and Motivation	60.00	54.77	100.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.157
Cultural Appropriateness	85.00	13.69	75.00	100.00	.00	100.00	.083

Table

Coded comments from stakeholders	Before the correction (revision)	After the correction (revision)
Too much information on one page Increase readability: Lively, non-academic narrative is preferred Concise and accurate vocabulary Images and text shall match: The fridge of those who can’t eat would not empty, so please draw more food.	Nutrition Information picture book - Grandpa Bear is Sick p. 7	Nutrition Information picture book - Grandpa Bear is Sick p. 7
Too much information on one page Increase readability: Lively, non-academic narrative is preferred Concise and accurate vocabulary Revision to the knowledge concepts: The suitability of the application of refined foods versus prototypical foods should be considered. Nutritional balance is a better concept than focusing on protein alone. The distinction between types of food and the list of items should be revised and clearly defined. The suitability of nuts should be clarified. The concept of adequate food intake should be included.	Nutrition Information picture book - Grandpa Bear is Sick p. 8	Nutrition Information picture book - Grandpa Bear is Sick p. 8