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Nanoregulation along the product life cycle in the EU, Switzerland, Thailand, the USA, and intergovernmental organisations, and its compatibility with WTO law

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Pages 339-368 | Received 28 Jan 2019, Accepted 22 Nov 2019, Published online: 06 Dec 2019

Figures & data

Table 1. Work of International Governmental Organisations on safety of nanomaterials.

Table 2. Product categories and regulatory frameworks for nanomaterials in the European Union (see European Commission’s science and knowledge service Citation2017).

Table 3. Product categories and regulatory frameworks for nanomaterials in Switzerland.

Figure 1. Dead mosquitos on a NNET NANO bed net. Locking a nano scale formulation to minimise the spread of mosquito borne diseases: Researchers at NANOTEC Nano Functional Textile Laboratory in Thailand have developed NNET NANO. They found a way to lock the nanoscale formulation of Deltamethrin into the fabric of bed nets, which will kill the mosquito within a few minutes, when it contacts the fabric. This nanoscale formulation is effective up to 5 years (instead of yearly recoating).

Figure 1. Dead mosquitos on a NNET NANO bed net. Locking a nano scale formulation to minimise the spread of mosquito borne diseases: Researchers at NANOTEC Nano Functional Textile Laboratory in Thailand have developed NNET NANO. They found a way to lock the nanoscale formulation of Deltamethrin into the fabric of bed nets, which will kill the mosquito within a few minutes, when it contacts the fabric. This nanoscale formulation is effective up to 5 years (instead of yearly recoating).

Figure 2. Water tank made from plastic embedded with silver nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial properties and received the approval of NanoQ labelling.

Figure 2. Water tank made from plastic embedded with silver nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial properties and received the approval of NanoQ labelling.

Figure 3. Number of nanoproducts in Thailand was available in the market, for example, i.e. nanosilver coated T-shirts, nanotitanium colour paint, nanosilicone colour paint, nano coated spray, nano sun protective white; nano active whitening cream, nano white masking cream.

Figure 3. Number of nanoproducts in Thailand was available in the market, for example, i.e. nanosilver coated T-shirts, nanotitanium colour paint, nanosilicone colour paint, nano coated spray, nano sun protective white; nano active whitening cream, nano white masking cream.

Figure 4. NaNOMOS Sunscreen was formulated with nano mosquito repellent mixed with nanoTiO2 particles which showed the effect of mosquito repellent and maximised for sun protection.

Figure 4. NaNOMOS Sunscreen was formulated with nano mosquito repellent mixed with nanoTiO2 particles which showed the effect of mosquito repellent and maximised for sun protection.

Table 4. Goals of SPS measures.

Table 5. Selected Nano consumer products on the EU and Swiss market and their relationship to WTO law.

Table 6. Selected Nano consumer products in Thailand subject to tbt measures.