The relationship between indoor environments and children’s play – confined spaces and materials

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics (N  =  943 observations).

Variable	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Age	4.2	0.7	2.9	5.8
Functional play	13%	30	0	100
Constructive play	35%	43	0	100
Symbolic play	20%	37	0	100
Places
Flex space	28%	40	0	100
Tables	20%	38	0	100
Cubbies	7%	23	0	100
Room for PA	5%	21	0	100
Tumbling spaces	13%	33	0	100
Play zones	23%	40	0	100
Chambers	3%	15	0	100
Other (windows and bathrooms)	1%	9	0	100
Materials
Pillows	2%	13	0	100
Blankets	3%	16	0	100
Large construction materials	12%	30	0	100
Small construction materials	21%	39	0	100
Open-ended materials	4%	18	0	100
Outfits	3%	17	0	100
Defined toys	24%	39	0	100
Art materials	16%	35	0	100
Furniture	21%	34	0	100
Other materials (books and electronic)	2%	12	0	100

Table 2. Regression models for constructive play (N = 943 observations).

Model	M0 Empty	M1 Places	M2 Materials	M3 Final model
Fixed part	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)
Intercept	35 (2)	28 (12)	2 (3)	−3 (7)
Flex space		.02 (.12)
Tables		.47 (.12)***	.31 (.04)***	.29 (.04)***
Cubbies		−.15 (.13)
Room for PA		−.15 (.14)
Tumbling spaces		−.21 (.12)
Play zones		.05 (.12)
Chambers		−.10 (.14)
Pillows			−.09 (.08)
Blankets			.10 (.07)
Large construction			.10 (.04)*	.08 (04)
Small construction			.67 (.03)***	.65 (.03)***
Open-ended			.19 (.06)**	.17 (.06)**
Outfits			.05 (.06)
Defined toys			.08 (.03)*	.08 (.03)*
Art materials			.48 (.04)***	.48 (.04)***
Furniture			.05 (.03)
Age				1.5 (1.6)
Boy				0.6 (2.8)
Random part
Level1Var.	1709 (83)	1305 (63)	881 (43)	888 (43)
Level2Var.	168 (50)	134 (39)	80 (25)	79 (25)
Deviance	9758	9505	9130	9136
AIC	9764	9525	9156	9158
BIC	9779	9574	9219	9211

*p < .05: **p < .01: ***p < .001

Table 3. Regression models for symbolic play (N = 943 observations).

Model	M0 Empty	M1 Places	M2 Materials	M3 Final model
Fixed part	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)
Intercept	21 (2)	10 (11)	8 (3)	15 (7)
Flex space		.10 (.11)
Tables		−.06 (.11)
Cubbies		−.04 (.12)
Room for PA		.03 (.12)
Tumbling spaces		.08 (.11)
Play zones		.30 (.11)**	.17 (.03)***	.18 (.03)***
Chambers		.36 (.13)**	.28 (.07)***	.28 (.07)***
Pillows			.16 (.08)
Blankets			.23 (.07)**	.27 (.07)***
Large construction			.04 (.04)
Small construction			−.08 (.04)*	−.09 (.03)**
Open-ended			.05 (.06)
Outfits			.18 (.07)**	.17 (.07)**
Defined toys			.29 (.04)***	.29 (.03)***
Art materials			−.04 (.04)
Furniture			.06 (.03)
Age				−1.4 (1.6)
Boy				0.2 (2.6)
Random part
Level1Var.	1244 (60)	1148 (56)	1002 (49)	1014 (49)
Level2Var.	137 (41)	55 (27)	48 (24)	48 (24)
Deviance	9464	9356	9228	9239
AIC	9470	9376	9256	9261
BIC	9484	9425	9324	9314

*p < .05: **p < .01: ***p < .001

Table 4. Regression models for functional play (N = 943 observations).

Model	M0 Empty	M1 Places	M2 Materials	M3 Final model
Fixed part	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)	Coeff.(SD)
Intercept	13 (1)	12 (8)	18 (2)	21 (6)
Flex space		−.05 (.08)
Tables		−.12 (.08)
Cubbies		.15 (.09)
Room for PA		.27 (.09)**	.26 (.04)***	.27 (.04)***
Tumbling spaces		.31 (.09)***	.24 (.04)***	.27 (.03)***
Play zones		−.08 (.08)
Chambers		−.09 (.10)
Pillows			.13 (.07)*	.12 (.06)
Blankets			−.20 (06)***	−.19 (.06)**
Large construction			.04 (.05)
Small construction			−.17 (03)***	−.18 (.03)***
Open-ended			−.03 (.05)
Outfits			−.11 (.05)*	−.12 (.05)*
Defined toys			−.12 (.03)***	−.13 (.03)***
Art materials			−.17 (.03)***	−.18 (.03)***
Furniture			.03 (03)
Age				−0.7 (1.2)
Boy				1.9 (2.0)
Random part
Level1Var.	806 (39)	634 (31)	617 (30)	618 (31)
Level2Var.	66 (23)	24 (14)	22 (13)	21 (13)
Deviance	9041	8789	8763	8764
AIC	9047	8811	8791	8790
BIC	9062	8865	8859	8853

*p < .05: **p < .01: ***p < .001