Aotearoa's linguistic landscape: exploring the use of te reo Māori in English-medium early childhood education

Figures & data

Table 1. Percentage of ECE centres that used any te reo Māori, categorised by routine.

Routine	Total centres with routine filmed	Total centres using te reo Māori	Percentage of centres using te reo Māori (%)
Kai time	23	22	95.65
Book time	10	4	40.00
Group time	16	6	37.50
Free play	22	10	45.45
Nappy change	16	3	18.75

Table 2. Mean number of utterances (per Routine, and per Minute) including te reo Māori, in centres using te reo Māori.

Routine	Number of utterances in te reo Māori
	M	SD	Range	Rate per Minute
Kai time	4.77	5.31	1–25	4.56
Book time	6.25	6.70	1–16	1.16
Group time	7.30	5.72	1–17	1.35
Free play	1.67	1.21	1–4	0.39
Nappy change	2.00	1.00	1–3	0.78

Figure 1. Word frequency cloud as a visual representation of te reo Māori words used.

Note. This figure illustrates a word frequency cloud as a visual representation of te reo Māori words used, with words arranged by size depending on their frequency. The more frequently a word in te reo Māori was used within the ECE centres, the larger and more prominently it appears in the word cloud.

Table 3. Mean number of utterances including te reo Māori words and phrases across routines.

	Contains one word			Contains two words			Contains three or more words
	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range
Kai Time	2.81	1.76	0–6	0.91	1.85	0–7	1.05	2.75	0–13
Book Time	3.25	5.85	0–12	2.00	0.82	0–2	1.00	1.15	0–2
Group Time	3.50	3.54	0–12	2.00	2.05	0–6	1.80	3.39	0–11
Free Play	1.17	0.98	0–3	0.50	0.84	0–2	0.00	0.00	0.00
Nappy Change	1.67	1.53	0–3	0.33	0.58	0–1	0.00	0.00	0.00

Table 4. Mean number of utterances that include te reo Māori in each function category across routines.

Function	Kai time			Book time			Group time			Free play			Nappy change
	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range
Conversation	3.7	3.6	0–16	2.8	2.6	0–5	4.0	3.9	0–13	1.7	1.2	0–3	2.0	1.0	0–2
Karakia	0.3	0.5	0–1	0.0	0.0	0.00	0.3	0.7	0–2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waiata	0.4	1.1	0–5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.6	3.2	0–9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greetings	0.4	1.2	0–5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4	0–1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Counting	0.4	1.0	0–4	0.8	1.0	0–2	1.2	1.4	0–4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Book reading	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.8	5.5	0–11	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Table 5. Mean number of utterances that include te reo Māori by type (scripted or unscripted).

	Scripted			Unscripted
	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range
Routine
Kai time	1.09	2.02	1–9	3.68	3.58	0–16
Book time	3.50	5.07	1–11	2.75	2.63	0–5
Group time	2.70	3.43	1–9	4.60	4.17	0–14
Free play	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.67	1.21	0–3
Nappy change	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.00	1.00	0–2

Table 6. Mean number of utterances that include te reo Māori initiated by each type of speaker.

	Child			ECEC Educator
	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range
Routine
Kai time	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.77	5.31	1–25
Book time	0.00	0.00	0.00	6.25	6.70	1–16
Group time	0.00	0.00	0.00	6.60	5.38	1–7
Free play	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.67	1.21	1–4
Nappy change	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.00	1.00	1–3