Students’ self-reported learning gains in higher engineering education

Figures & data

Table 1. Background information of the students.

Variable	Category	N
Gender	Man	5
	Woman	8
Age	18	1
	19	4
	20	6
	21	1
	22	1
Nationality	Netherlands	12
	Other (Albanian)	1
Year of study	Second year of Bachelor’s degree programme.	11
	Third year of Bachelor’s degree programme.	1
	Fourth year of Bachelor’s degree programme.	1
Study	Sustainable Innovation	4
	Applied Mathematics	3
	Industrial Design	3
	Mechanical Engineering	2
	Computer Science and Engineering	1

Table 2. Relation of the five strands to types of learning objectives, outcomes and gains.

	Strands of learning gains	Taxonomy of educational objectives (Bloom 1956)	Four pillars of education (Delors 1996)	Learning gains framework higher education (Vermunt, Ilie, and Vignoles 2018)	Competences in engineering education (Leandro Cruz, Saunders-Smits, and Groen 2020)
1	Disciplinary conceptual and procedural knowledge	Cognitive domain	Learning to know	–	–
2	General cognitive learning	Cognitive domain	Learning to know	Cognitive component	Innovation/creativity
3	Affect, thought and learning	Affective domain	Learning to be Learning to live together	Metacognitive component Affective component	Lifelong learning
4	Teamwork and communication	Affective domain Behavioural domain	Learning to live together Learning to do	The socio-communicative component	Communication Teamwork
5	Entrepreneurial learning	Affective domain Behavioural domain	Learning to live together Learning to do	–	–

Bloom, B. S. 1956. “Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals.” In Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain, edited by M. D. Engelhart, E. J. Furst, W. H. Hill, and D. R. Krathwohl. New York: David McKay Co Inc.

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Delors, J. 1996. Learning: The Treasure Within. Paris: UNESCO.

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Vermunt, J. D., S. Ilie, and A. Vignoles. 2018. “Building the Foundations for Measuring Learning Gain in Higher Education: A Conceptual Framework and Measurement Instrument.” Higher Education Pedagogies 3 (1): 266–301.

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Leandro Cruz, M., G. N. Saunders-Smits, and P. Groen. 2020. “Evaluation of Competency Methods in Engineering Education: A Systematic Review.” European Journal of Engineering Education 45 (5): 729–757. doi:10.1080/03043797.2019.1671810.

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