Preliminary evaluation of the immunoenhancement potential of Newcastle disease vaccine formulated as a cationic liposome

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Transmission electron microscope images of the liposome-encapsulated ND vaccine.

Figure 2.  2a: Particle size of the liposomes using photon correlation spectroscopy. 2b: Zeta potential of the liposome using photon correlation spectroscopy.

Table 1.  Immune response of birds after primary and secondary immunization.

Treatment group	Number of chickens	Primary immunization (log2)	Secondary immunization (log2)
Unvaccinated control	20	0.0^A	0.0^A
Liposomal ND vaccine	20	5.30±0.56^B	9.60±0.95^C
La Sota^® vaccine	20	5.50±0.67^B	6.00±0.63^B
Concentration of the serum antibodies is expressed as an HI titre to the log base 2. Results presented as the mean with standard deviation. B is significantly higher than A, and C is significantly higher than A and B.

Table 2.  Haematological profile of the birds after primary immunization.

Treatment group	Total white blood cells (×10^3/µl)	Heterophils	Lymphocytes	Monocytes	Eosinophils	Basophils
Unvaccinated control	13.85±1.31	3.39±0.54	9.76^A±1.26	0.25±0.06	0.35±0.05	0.09±0.04
Liposomal ND vaccine	31.23±2.51	6.05±1.86	26.24^C±2.21	0.41±0.14	0.12±0.07	0.00±0.00
La Sota^® vaccine	26.69±2.69	10.89±1.65	16.89^AB±1.67	0.17±0.07	0.50±0.17	0.05±0.05
Results presented as the mean with standard deviation. A is lower than B but not significantly lower. C is significantly higher than A and B.

Table 3.  Blood biochemistry of birds after immunization.

Treatment group	Alanine aminotransferase (IU/l)	Total proteins (g/dl)	Albumin (g/dl)	Globulin (g/dl)	Uric acid (mg/dl)
Unvaccinated control	6.18±1.51	2.88±0.07	1.22±0.11	1.66±0.14^A	2.50±0.82
Liposomal ND vaccine	5.09±1.23	3.52±0.12	1.12±0.08	2.40±0.10^B	2.75±0.90
La Sota^® vaccine	3.68±1.31	2.87±0.25	1.26±0.06	1.61±0.06^A	2.00±0.37
Results presented as the mean with standard deviation. B is significantly higher than A.