Quantitative analysis of cephalexin in solid dosage form by Raman spectroscopy and chemometric tools

Abstract

Objective

To use Raman Spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of pharmaceutical formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Cephalexin.

Significance

Raman Spectroscopy is a noninvasive, nondestructive, reliable and rapid detection technique used for various pharmaceutical drugs quantification. The present study explores the potential of Raman Spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical drugs.

Method

For qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cephalexin API, various standard samples containing less and more concentration of API than commercial tablet was prepared. To study spectral differences, the mean plot of all the samples was prepared. For qualitative analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and for quantitative analysis Partial Least Square Regression analysis (PLSR) was used. Both of these are Multivariate data analysis techniques and give reliable results as published in previous literature.

Results

PCA model distinguished all the Raman Spectral data related to the various Cephalexin solid dosage formulations whereas the PLSR model was used to calculate the concentration of different unknown formulations. For the PLSR model, RMSEC and RMSEP were determined to be 3.3953 and 3.8972, respectively. The prediction efficiency of this built PLSR model was found to be very good with a goodness of the model value (R²) of 0.98. The PLSR model also predicted the concentrations of Cephalexin formulations in the blind or unknown sample.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that the Raman spectroscopy coupled to PLSR analysis could be regarded as a fast and effectively reliable tool for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical drugs.

Keywords:

• Raman spectroscopy
• cephalexin
• quantitative analysis
• solid dosage formulations
• principal component analysis
• partial least squares regression

Acknowledgements

The authors express their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through research group program under grant number RGP- 2/577/44.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University.