Analysis of physiological races and genetic diversity of Setosphaeria turcica (Luttr.) K.J. Leonard & Suggs from different regions of China

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Setosphaeria turcica samples collected from various sites in China. All isolates belong to four groups based on geographical division of China. ●: Northeast China; ■: North China; ▲: Northwest China; ★: Southwest China.

Table 1. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer sequences.

	Forward primers		Reverse primers
Me1	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA-3′	Em1	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT-3′
Me2	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGAGC-3′	Em2	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC-3′
Me3	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGAGT-3′	Em3	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTGAC-3′
Me4	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGATT-3′	Em4	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTTGA-3′
Me5	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG-3′	Em5	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTAAC-3′
Me6	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGTAA-3′	Em6	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTGCA-3′
Me7	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT-3′	Em7	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTCAG-3′
Me8	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGATG-3′	Em8	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG-3′
Me9	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA-3′	Em9	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTTCA-3′
Me10	5′-TGAGTCCAAACCGGGAT-3′	Em10	5′-GACTGCGTACGAATTATG-3′

Table 2. Distribution of physiological races of Setosphaeria turcica in different geographical regions and provinces of China.

	Number of each physiological race														Virulence frequency of each Ht gene (%)^d
Geographical region	0	1	2	12	3	13	23	N	1N	2N	3N	13N	23N	Avirulence frequency (%)^c	123N	Ht1	Ht2	Ht3	HtN	Isolates^e
NE^a	20	16	3	0	5	2	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	3	35.09	40.35	15.79	24.56	17.54	57
HL^b	4	2	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	–	–	–	–	–	–
JL^b	4	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	–	–	–	–	–	–
LN^b	10	8	0	0	4	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	–	–	–	–	–	–
IM^b	2	3	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	–	–	–	–	–	–
NT^a	5	4	0	0	2	2	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	33.33	40.00	0.00	40.00	13.33	15
HB^b	1	2	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	–	–	–	–	–	–
SX^b	3	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	–	–	–	–	–	–
IM^b	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	–	–	–	–	–	–
NW^a	4	3	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	40.00	40.00	10.00	10.00	20.00	10
GS^b	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	–	–	–	–	–	–
SN^b	2	2	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	–	–	–	–	–	–
SW^a	3	3	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	30.00	50.00	0.00	20.00	20.00	10
SC^b	3	1	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	–	–	–	–	–	–
YN^b	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	–					–
All regions	32	26	3	1	7	6	1	4	1	2	4	1	1	3	34.78	41.30	11.96	25.00	17.39	92
Frequency (%)	34.78	28.26	3.26	1.09	7.61	6.52	1.09	4.35	1.09	2.17	4.35	1.09	1.09	3.26	–	–	–	–	–	–

^aGeographical regions. NE = Northeast China; NT = North China; NW = Northwest China; SW = Southwest China.

^bProvinces. HL = Heilongjiang; JL = Jilin; LN = Liaoning; IM = Inner Mongolia; HB = Hebei; SX = Shanxi; GS = Gansu; SN = Shaanxi; SC = Sichuan; YN = Yunnan.

^cPercentage ratio of the number of isolates that are avirulent to all Ht resistance genes to the total number of isolates in each region.

^dPercentage ratio of the number of isolates that are virulent to a specific Ht resistance gene to the total number of isolates in each region.

^eThe number of isolates sampled used to evaluate the virulence of Ht resistance genes in each region.

Fig. 2 (Colour online) Morphological identification of Setosphaeria turcica from isolate GS1701. a, colony morphology; b, mycelia morphology; c, conidia morphology. Bars: B = 20 μm, C = 10 μ.

Table 3. Estimates of genetic diversity within four populations of Setosphaeria turcica in China.

Population	Number of samples	Na	Ne	H	I	NP	P (%)
Northeast China	57	1.5312	1.2959	0.2806	0.3736	40	62.50
North China	15	1.3125	1.2014	0.2161	0.2710	38	59.38
Northwest China	10	1.2031	1.1510	0.1815	0.2179	23	35.94
Southwest China	10	1.1875	1.1209	0.1685	0.2010	12	18.75
Population level	92	1.6094	1.2505	0.2634	0.3598	44	68.75

Na: Observed number of alleles; Ne: Effective number of alleles; H: Nei’s gene diversity index; I: Shannon’s information index; NP: Number of polymorphic loci; P: Percentage of polymorphic loci.

Fig. 3 Genetic similarity among 92 Setosphaeria turcica isolates shown as a dendrogram based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA). ●: Northeast China; ■: North China; ▲: Northwest China; ★: Southwest China.

Table 4. Nei’s genetic identity and genetic distance between pairwise combinations of Setosphaeria turcica populations from China.

Population	Northeast China	North China	Northwest China	Southwest China
Northeast China	–	0.9763	0.9191	0.8624
North China	0.0240	–	0.9187	0.8632
Northwest China	0.0814	0.0818	–	0.8388
Southwest China	0.1383	0.1375	0.1632	–

Above diagonal, Nei’s genetic identity; below diagonal, genetic distance.

Fig. 4 Dendrogram of four Setosphaeria turcica populations based on genetic distance.