In silico screening and covalent binding of phytochemicals of Ocimum sanctum against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) main protease

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has compelled the scientific community to search for an effective drug that can cure or a vaccine that can prevent the disease. Alternatively, symptomatic treatment and traditional immunity boosters are prescribed. Holy Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) has been known as an ancient remedy for cure of common cold and respiratory ailment. Several reports have come on virtual screening of phytochemicals including those of Tulsi against various enzymes of the virus. We undertook in silico analysis of the ethanol extracted phytochemicals of Tulsi as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) main protease with an approach to look into the possibility of covalent ligand binding with the catalytic residue Cys145, which makes the report unique. The results suggest that the flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds of Tulsi, have potential to covalently bind to the catalytic residue Cys145 of main protease and irreversibly inhibit the viral enzyme. Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide is specially considered for its optimum properties, namely, low toxicity (LD₅₀ 5000 mg/kg body weight), high drug-likeness score (0.71), the active site binding free energy (ΔG_bind) −19.19 kcal/mol by GBSA method and covalent binding energy −24.23 kcal/mol. Further experimental validations are required to establish the theoretical findings.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Ocimum sanctum
• SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19)
• phytochemicals
• covalent docking
• molecular dynamics

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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.