Computational design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Langya henipavirus using surface proteins

Abstract

In July 2022, Langya henipavirus (LayV) was identified in febrile patients in China. There is currently no approved vaccine against this virus. Therefore, this research aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine against LayV using reverse vaccinology. The best epitopes were selected from LayV's fusion protein (F) and glycoprotein (G), and a multi-epitope vaccine was designed using these epitopes, adjuvant, and appropriate linkers. The physicochemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and solubility of the vaccine were evaluated. The vaccine’s secondary and 3D structures were predicted, and molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to assess the vaccine’s interaction and stability with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Immune simulation, codon optimization, and in silico cloning of the vaccine were also performed. The vaccine candidate showed good physicochemical properties, as well as being antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic, with acceptable solubility. Molecular docking and MD simulation revealed that the vaccine and TLR4 have stable interactions. Furthermore, immunological simulation of the vaccine indicated its ability to elicit immune responses against LayV. The vaccine’s increased expression was also ensured using codon optimization. This study’s findings were encouraging, but in vitro and in vivo tests are needed to confirm the vaccine’s protective effect.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Langya henipavirus
• vaccine
• reverse vaccinology
• epitope
• adjuvant

Authors’ contributions

S.S and H.P.T: conceptualization, supervision, and project administration; S.A, M.A, A.F.A, and S.T: software, bioinformatics analysis, validation; S. N, A.A, M.I, and M.P.H: writing and editing original draft; A.S and M.G: interpretation of results. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

All data associated with this study are present in the paper and its supplementary file. The raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request ([email protected]).