Translation and population-based validation of the Arabic version of the brief resilience scale

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants (N = 1072).

Characteristic	Mean ± SD or n (%)
Age (years)	29 ± 9.0
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.99 ± 4.12
Gender
Male	404 (37.7)
Female	668 (62.3)
Marital status
Married	611 (57)
Single	411 (38.3)
Divorced	35 (3.3)
Widowed	15 (1.4)
Level of education
No certificate	57 (5.3)
High school or less	196 (18.3)
Diploma	176 (16.4)
Bachelor	525 (49)
Master	57 (5.3)
Doctorate	61 (5.7)
Employment status
Not working	329 (30.7)
Student	165 (15.4)
Government employee	280 (26.1)
Private employee	195 (18.2)
Business	103 (9.6)
Physical activity participation
Yes	317 (29.6)
No	755 (70.4)
Smoker
Yes	185 (17.3)
No	887 (82.7)
Chronic disease
Yes	241 (22.5)
No	831 (77.5)

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation/frequency n and percentages (%).

BMI: body mass index.

Table 2. BRS scores across the characteristics of participants (N = 1072).

Characteristic	No resilience n (%)	Resilience n (%)
Gender
Male	116 (10.8)	288 (26.9)
Female	210 (19.6)	458 (42.7)
Marital Status
Married	185 (17.3)	426 (39.7)
Single	129 (12)	282 (26.3)
Divorced	8 (0.7)	27 (2.5)
Widowed	4 (0.4)	11 (1.0)
Level of Education
No certificate	19 (1.8)	38 (3.5)
High school or less	51 (4.8)	145 (13.5)
Diploma	50 (4.7)	126 (11.8)
Bachelor	178 (16.6)	347 (32.4)
Master	12 (1.1)	45 (4.2)
Doctorate	16 (1.5)	45 (4.2)
Employment status
Not working	102 (9.5)	227 (21.2)
Student	45 (4.2)	120 (11.2)
Government employee	88 (8.2)	192 (17.9)
Private employee	60 (5.6)	135 (12.6)
Business	31 (2.9)	72 (6.7)
Physical activity participation
Yes	108 (10.1)	209 (19.5)
No	218 (20.3)	537 (50.1)
Smoker
Yes	46 (4.3)	139 (13)
No	280 (26.1)	607 (56.6)
Chronic disease
Yes	59 (5.5)	182 (17)
No	267 (24.9)	564 (52.6)

Data are presented as frequency n and percentages (%).

Percentages are of the total sample (N = 1072).

Table 3. Descriptive statistics of the Arabic translated version of BRS.

Item	M	SD	sk	ku	rit	aiid
BRS (α = 0.98)
1. I tend to bounce back quickly after hard times	3.43	1.41	−0.58	−1.02	0.93	0.98
2. I have a hard time making it through stressful events	3.45	1.41	−0.49	−1.13	0.93	0.98
3. It does not take me long to recover from a stressful event	3.41	1.41	−0.56	−1.04	0.94	0.98
4. It is hard for me to snap back when something bad happens	3.44	1.41	−0.49	−1.12	0.93	0.98
5. I usually come through difficult times with little trouble	3.42	1.41	−0.58	−1.02	0.94	0.98
6. I tend to take a long time to get over setbacks in my life	3.41	1.41	−0.48	−1.11	0.93	0.98
Total	20.56	8.08	−0.59	−1.09

Abbreviations. M: mean; SD: standard deviation; sk: skewness; ku: kurtosis; r_it: corrected item total correlation; a_iid: Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted.

Table 4. Correlation between for the Arabic version of BRS and other well-established scales.

Scale	r	95% CI	p-Value
HADS (depression)	−0.6	−0.63 to −0.56	≤ 0.0001
HADS (anxiety)	−0.61	−0.65 to −0.57	≤ 0.0001
SWLS	0.44	0.39 to 0.49	≤ 0.0001
PSS	−0.53	−0.57 to −0.48	≤ 0.0001
WHO-5	0.58	0.55 to 0.62	≤ 0.0001

*p-value ≤ 0.05 is significant; r: Spearman’s correlation coefficient; CI: confidence intervals.

HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

SWLS: Satisfaction with Life Scale.

PSS: Perceived Stress Scale.

WHO-5: WHO-5 Well-Being Index Scale.

Figure 1. Scree plot showing the eigenvalue and factor loading.

Figure 2. CFA Path diagram showing the final model of the Arabic version of BRS.

Table 5. The item loadings derived from exploratory factor analysis for the Arabic version of BRS.

			Factor
Item	M	SD	I	II
Item 1	3.62	0.98		0.915*
Item 2 (R)	3.35	1.05	0.906*
Item 3	3.48	0.98		0.895*
Item 4 (R)	3.36	1.09	0.919*
Item 5	3.61	0.92		0.883*
Item 6 (R)	3.38	1.08	0.894*
Eigenvalues			4.444	1.036
Percentage of variance			74.067	17.275

Note. Loadings higher than 0.50 are displayed. M: mean; SD: standard deviation; R: reverse-coded items.

*p < 0.01 is significant.

Data availability statement

Data for the current study will be available upon reasonable request from the principal investigator or corresponding author.