Feasibility of emotion-regulating improvisational music therapy for young adult students with depressive symptoms: A process evaluation

Figures & data

Figure 1. Procedural diagram for collecting data for the process evaluation

EIMT = Emotion-regulating improvisational music therapy; EIMT-EF = EIMT Evaluation Form; EIMT-TIM = EIMT Treatment Integrity Measure: n = number of participants.

Table 1. Client attendance in EIMT per student and per session

Student	Session										60 minutes (%)	< 60 minutes (%)		No show (%)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
S1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	90	0		10
S2	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	80	10		10
S3	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	2	1	80	10		10
S4	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	80	0		20
S5	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	90	0		10
S6	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	90	10		0
S7	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	2	1	1	70	10		20
S8	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	90	10		0
S9	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	1	80	20		0
S10	1	2	2	1	1	1	2	2	0	0	40	40		20
S11	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	90	0		10
60 minutes (%)	91	91	73	100	73	82	82	55	73	82	80
< 60 minutes (%)	0	9	9	0	0	0	9	45	18	9		10
No show (%)	9	0	18	0	27	18	9	0	9	9				10

Sessions reported 0 = no show, 1 = 60 minutes, 2 = less than 60 minutes.

Table 2. Percentage of music therapist self-reported adherence to EIMT elements

EIMT elements	MT1	MT2	MT3	M
EIMT	83	79	87	83.00
Synchronisation	85	94	98	92.33
Instruments	100	89	99	96.00
Cello	100	72	100	90.67
Djembe	100	85	-^a	n.d.
Marimba	100	91	98	96.33
Reflection	100	84	93	92.33
ER-card	73	33	85	63.67
M (SD)	92.63 (10.74)	78.38 (19.61)	94.29 (6.10)

MT = music therapist; M = mean; ^a = djembe not used in sessions 3, 7 and 10;

n.d. = not defined; SD = standard deviation.

Table 3. Percentage of music therapist self-reported competence to EIMT elements

EIMT elements	MT1	MT2	MT3	M
EIMT	83	86	83	84.00
Synchronisation	80	95	87	87.33
Instrument	70	83	82	78.33
Cello	65	68	80	71.00
Djembe	90	92	90	90.67
Marimba	60	85	84	76.33
Reflection	88	83	83	84.67
ER-card	93	77	85	85.00
M (SD)	78.63 (12.26)	83.63 (8.42)	84.25 (3.11)

MT = music therapist; M = mean; SD = standard deviation.

Figure 2. Number of times a musical component was reported by music therapists to sync with the student’s musical improvisation