Finding a place to live in the city: analyzing residential choice in Kampala

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework. Source: Author

Figure 2. Household survey points included in the analysis. Source: Author, based on SITU-Transitions research data

Figure 3. Spatial cluster analysis: example for rental accommodation. Source: Author, based on SITU-Transitions research data

Figure A1. Housing typology descriptions. Source: Spatial Assesment of Kampala, Uganda by.SITU-Transitions (2018)

Figure A4. Cluster analysis for household attributes. Source: author, based on SITU-Transitions research data

Figure A5. Cluster analysis for housing attributes. Source: author, based on SITU-Transitions research data

Table B1. Descriptive Statistics

		Obs	Distribution of categorical indicator (Frequency, %)
Variable/indicator name	Type of ind a		0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	Mean	S.D.	Min	Max	Coding scheme
Household attributes
Socio-economic situation
Household composition	Cat	###		274 13.3%	277 13.5%	150 7.3%	718 34.9%	201 9.8%	437 21.2%			1.65	1	6	1 = Single, 2 = Two adults, 3 = One adult with child(ren), 4 = Two adults with child(ren), 5 = Group of >2 adults, no children, 6 = Other composition
Household head gender	Dum	###		1357 72.0%	527 28.0%							0.45	0	1	0 = Male-headed household, 1 = Female-headed household
Education level	Cat	###		520 25.4%	988 48.2%	540 26.4%						0.72	1	3	1 = Primary or less; 2 = Secondary/Vocational/Institute; 3 = University/Postgraduate
Self-reported wealth indication	Dum	###		1608 78.1%	450 21.9%							0.32	0	1	0 = no, 1 = yes
Food expenditure pp/m	Cont	###									####	####	0.2	75
Water expenditure pp/m	Cont	###									1.72	1.73	0	7
Private car	Dum	###		1805 88.1%	243 11.9%							0.32	0	1	0 = no, 1 = yes
Available information
Previous location	Cat	###		640 31.1%	793 38.5%	625 30.4%						0.78	1	3	1 = This neigbourhood, 2 = Within Kampala, 3 = Outside Kampala
Housing attributes
Tenure	Dum	###		505 28.7%	1254 71.3%							0.45	1	2	0 = Own, 1 = Rent
Plot & dwelling characteristics
Dwelling type	Cat	###		798 38.8%	322 15.6%	865 42.0%	73 3.5%					0.97	1	4	1 = Detached single family residential (standalone), 2 = Semi-Detached multi-family residential (two together), 3 = Horizontally attached multi-family unit (tenement), 4 = Apartment building
Dwelling material	Cat	###		1887 91.4%	128 6.2%	49 2.4%						0.38	1	3	1 = Permanent, 2 = Semi-permanent, 3 = Traditional/Temporary
Dwelling size
Number of bedrooms	Cou	###	11 0.5%	701 34.1%	532 28.9%	268 13.0%	161 7.8%	155 7.5%	114 5.5%	116 5.6%		1.83	0	7	7 = 7 or more
Crowding (No. of people/No. of rooms)	Cont	###									1.91	1.36	0	10
Plot conditions & amenities upon moving
Plot condition	Dum	###		392 19.3%	1644 80.7%							0.39	0	1	0 = Vacant, 1 = With development
No. of amenities	Cou	###	384 19.3%	286 14.4%	662 33.2%	464 23.3%	197 9.9%				1.90	1.24	0	4
Area characteristics
Residential typology	Cat	###		502 24.4%	637 31.0%	631 30.7%	288 14.0%					1.00	1	4	1 = Type A, 2 = Type B, 3 = Type C, 4 = Type D
Proximity
Distance to city center (m)	Cont	###									9775	5110	711	####
Distance to main road	Ord	###		105 5.1%	168 8.2%	228 11.1%	394 19.1%	820 39.8%	343 16.7%			1.37	1	6	1 = <100 m, 2 = 100–250 m, 3 = 250–500 m, 4 = 500–1000 m, 5 = 1000–2000 m, 6 = >2000 m
Distance to main location of household head	Ord	###		281 15.9%	787 44.5%	460 26.0%	240 13.6%					0.91	1	4	1 = Less than 1 km, 2 = 1 to 3 km, 3 = 4 to 8 km, 4 = More than 8 km
Average distance to main location of household members (in km)	Cont	###									2.86	2.05	0.5	9	Calculated as average distance for each household member using the middle of each category/number of household members
Travel time to main location of household head	Ord	###		193 11.0%	748 42.5%	639 36.3%	132 7.5%	50 2.8%				0.89	1	5	1 = Less than 10 minutes, 2 = 10 minutes – 30 minutes, 3 = 31 minutes – 1 hour, 4 = More than 1 hour – 2 hours, 5 = More than 2 hours
Average travel time to main location of household members (in min)	Cont	###									29.7	20.1	5	150	Calculated as average travel time for each household member using the middle of each category/number of household members
Relatives living nearby	Dum	###		1773 89.0%	220 11.0%							0.31	0	1	0 = no, 1 = yes

aType of indicator: Cat = categorical; Cont = Continuous; Cou = Count; Dum = Dummy; Ord = Ordinal

Table B2. Regression tables

	Tenure		Dwelling type (ref: standalone)							Dwelling material (ref: permanent)					Bedrooms		Crowding
			Likelihood Ratio Tests	Two together (semi-detached)		Tenement (horizontally attached)		Apartment building			Semi-permanent		Traditional/temporary
	Binary logistic		Multinomial logistic							Likelihood Ratio Tests	Multinomial logistic				Poisson		OLS
	Exp(B)	S.E.	Sig	Exp(B)	S.E.	Exp(B)	S.E.	Exp(B)	S.E.	Sig	Exp(B)	S.E.	Exp(B)	S.E.	Exp(B)	S.E.	Standardized Beta	t
Household composition (ref: single)	***		***
Two adults	0.505	0.449		1.490	0.305	3.214***	0.305	2.018	0.663		0.901	0.386	0.300	0.685	1.092	0.072	0.173***	0.112
One adult with child(ren)	0.377*	0.479		2.191*	0.380	2.661***	0.380	5.165	0.902		0.724	0.416	0.528	0.771	1.108	0.091	0.200***	0.140
Two adults with child(ren)	0.227***	0.410		1.471	0.250	2.228***	0.250	1.209	0.618		0.748	0.329	0.434	0.457	1.320***	0.062	0.518***	0.097
Group of >2 adults, no children	0.235**	0.446		0.932	0.327	1.261	0.327	0.683	0.708		1.225	0.427	1.143	0.596	1.684***	0.071	0.219***	0.127
Other composition with children	0.084***	0.420		0.800	0.282	1.144	0.282	0.864	0.657		0.732	0.368	0.355	0.598	1.781***	0.066	0.509***	0.109
Household head	0.713*	0.151	*	1.120	0.178	1.308	0.178	0.469	0.460	***	2.424***	0.216	0.672	0.457	0.995	0.036	0.038	0.067
Education (ref: primary or less)			**							*
Secondary/Vocational/Institute	0.743	0.173		1.828**	0.198	0.945	0.198	2.315	0.659		0.782	0.215	0.484*	0.343	1.133**	0.043	−0.148***	0.069
University/postgraduate	0.986	0.213		1.910**	0.242	0.915	0.242	5.375*	0.674		0.383*	0.373	0.090*	1.043	1.373***	0.049	−0.263***	0.088
Self-reported wealth situation	0.400***	0.161	*	1.048	0.190	0.578***	0.190	1.194	0.363	***	0.394*	0.411	0.207	1.024	1.199***	0.038	−0.077***	0.076
Food expenditure pppm (USD)	1.007	0.005	**	1.000	0.005	1.013**	0.005	1.018*	0.009	*	0.978**	0.008	0.980	0.012	1.001	0.001	−0.090***	0.002
Water expenditure pppm (USD)	1.141**	0.046	**	1.125*	0.048	1.119**	0.048	1.182*	0.084	*	0.812**	0.079	0.847	0.131	1.017	0.009	−0.053*	0.018
A family member travels by personal car	0.184***	0.224	***	0.274***	0.279	0.080***	0.279	1.266	0.404		0.486	0.760		0.000	1.459***	0.046	−0.161***	0.104
Previous location (ref: this neighborhood)
Within Kampala	0.708*	0.150		1.039	0.172	0.939	0.172	2.004	0.434		0.847	0.237	0.768	0.404	1.000	0.036	−0.017	0.065
Outside Kampala	0.842	0.168		0.982	0.189	0.963	0.189	2.208	0.458		1.079	0.240	0.916	0.405	1.020	0.039	−0.006	0.071
Constant/Intercept	19.781***	0.453	***	*	0.324	*	0.324	***	0.885	***	***	0.401	*	0.580	1.341***	0.075	***	0.121
N	1612		1820							1816					1820		1814
	Plot condition		Amenities		Residential typology (ref: Type A)
					Likelihood Ratio Tests	Type B		Type C		Type D
	Binary logistic		Poisson		Multinomial logistic
	Exp(B)	S.E.	Exp(B)	S.E.	Sig	Exp(B)	S.E.	Exp(B)	S.E.	Exp(B)	S.E.
Household composition (ref: single)	***				*
Two adults	0.833	0.413	0.919	0.068		1.850*	0.269	1.538	0.266	2.386**	0.329
One adult with child(ren)	0.698	0.458	0.944	0.088		1.414	0.368	1.633	0.344	1.917	0.42
Two adults with child(ren)	0.311***	0.348	0.891	0.059		2.023**	0.233	1.935**	0.227	2.373**	0.291
Group of >2 adults, no children	0.286**	0.387	0.866	0.08		1.664	0.292	0.999	0.309	1.961	0.382
Other composition with children	0.130***	0.356	0.720***	0.07		2.569***	0.268	2.215**	0.266	3.406***	0.334
Household head	0.642**	0.152	0.96	0.044		1.151	0.175	1.531*	0.173	1.343	0.208
Education (ref: primary or less)
Secondary/Vocational/Institute	0.767	0.181	1.06	0.045		1.293	0.178	1.306	0.175	0.908	0.201
University/postgraduate	0.905	0.22	1.303***	0.055		1.356	0.222	1.272	0.222	0.734	0.269
Self-reported wealth situation	0.549***	0.162	0.94	0.049		0.856	0.18	0.829	0.188	0.648	0.248
Food expenditure pppm (USD)	0.999	0.005	1.003**	0.001		0.997	0.004	0.989*	0.005	0.995	0.006
Water expenditure pppm (USD)	1.212***	0.048	1.025*	0.011		0.942	0.044	1.039	0.044	1.045	0.054
A family member travels by personal car	0.320***	0.21	0.807**	0.069	***	0.369***	0.223	0.161***	0.266	0.055***	0.55
Previous location (ref: this neighborhood)	*
Within Kampala	0.733*	0.155	0.95	0.042		0.801	0.167	0.758	0.168	0.554**	0.202
Outside Kampala	1.043	0.176	0.984	0.045		0.797	0.181	0.765	0.182	0.661	0.214
Constant/Intercept	21.475***	0.394	1.815***	0.076			0.294		0.29		0.362
N	1804		1767		1820
	Distance to City Center		Distance to main road		Travel distance HHH		Average travel distance all household members		Travel time HHH		Average travel time all household members		Relatives nearby
	OLS		Ordinal		Ordinal		OLS		Ordinal		OLS		Binary logistic
	Standardized Beta	t	Estimate	S.E.	Estimate	S.E.	Standardized Beta	t	Estimate	S.E.	Standardized Beta	t	Exp(B)	S.E.
Household composition (ref: single)													**
Two adults	−0.017	485.991	−0.143	0.175	0.26	0.188	−0.024	0.194	0.228	0.189	−0.026	1.96	1.986*	0.334
One adult with child(ren)	0.015	611.877	−0.206	0.219	0.479*	0.239	−0.079**	0.244	0.628**	0.24	−0.055	2.454	0.868	0.434
Two adults with child(ren)	0.073	421.573	−0.155	0.152	0.600***	0.164	−0.086*	0.17	0.627***	0.165	−0.043	1.713	1.201	0.315
Group of >2 adults, no children	−0.014	550.944	−0.282	0.198	0.148	0.213	−0.010	0.22	0.312	0.215	0.007	2.212	2.751**	0.358
Other composition with children	0.054	474.913	−0.301	0.171	0.650***	0.185	−0.065	0.191	0.746***	0.186	0.018	1.922	1.85	0.335
Household head	−0.016	292.299	−0.217*	0.105	−0.634***	0.113	−0.011	0.115	−0.550***	0.114	0.043	1.16	1.664**	0.174
Education (ref: primary or less)
Secondary/Vocational/Institute	0.057	301.408	0.032	0.108	0.067	0.116	0.063*	0.118	0.071	0.117	0.031	1.193	1.169	0.206
University/postgraduate	0.017	384.265	−0.220	0.138	0.331*	0.146	0.122***	0.151	0.357*	0.147	0.068*	1.519	1.452	0.249
Self-reported wealth situation	0.053*	332.689	0.366**	0.12	0.235	0.126	0.043	0.13	0.387**	0.128	0.062*	1.31	0.634*	0.231
Food expenditure pppm (USD)	0.006	7.942	−0.006*	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.046	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.031	0.031	1.003	0.005
Water expenditure pppm (USD)	−0.120***	77.919	−0.012	0.028	0.039	0.03	0.038	0.031	0.043	0.031	0.01	0.309	0.99	0.051
A family member travels by personal car	−0.028	451.809	0.008	0.162	0.771***	0.169	0.115***	0.177	0.528**	0.172	0.079**	1.785	0.949	0.294
Previous location (ref: this neighborhood)													*
Within Kampala	0.002	284.724	0.069	0.102	−0.093	0.108	−0.012	0.111	−0.009	0.109	0.007	1.122	0.592**	0.189
Outside Kampala	0.05	308.881	0.001	0.111	−0.218	0.119	−0.032	0.121	−0.024	0.12	0.031	1.224	0.876	0.19
Constant/Intercept	***	526.885					***	0.211			***	2.131	0.074***	0.377
N	1820		1820		1707		1780		1703		1781		1767

SITU-Transitions. (2018). Spatial assessment of Kampala, Uganda [Research report]. IPE Tripleline.

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