Revisiting Transition and Development in India

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We would like to thank Anup Dhar for his association with this project. He has been involved with everything that has followed Transition and Development in India. Since we have integrated and at times literally copied part of our joint works in this endeavor of revisiting, Anup could well be thought of as a coauthor of this article.

Notes

¹New democracy was a term coined by Mao Zedong to theorize the so-called first stage of Chinese socialist society. It refers to a situation where the workers are not powerful enough to rule on their own and must enlist the support of the oppressed peasants (the overwhelming mass in such societies) and the petite bourgeoisie. This alliance led by the working class must ultimately work for the construction of a socialist society.

²He will turn out to be an exploiter if he employs labor power. If he works on his own as an independent producer, then he is what is often called a self-exploiter (one who appropriates his own surplus labor). In either case, the social relationship entailed by such forms of exploitation would be different from that theorized by the subaltern school. For a class analysis of the various forms of sharecropping, see Kayatekin (2001).